ASP Advantage 1993/The Association of Shareware Professionals Advantage CD-ROM 1993.iso/files/writions/boxer50b/boxer.doc

Text File | 1993-04-06 | 161KB | 4,087 lines

!0

                       INTRODUCTION

BOXER(tm) is a full screen text editor designed to run on
IBM PC compatible computers. BOXER provides the ability to
create, modify, and store ASCII text files. It has been
written with programmers in mind, but its powerful
features will be appreciated by all types of users. BOXER
has many word processing features, and is suitable for all
but the most complex word processing tasks.

BOXER supports the editing of multiple files through one
or more windows. Windows can be any size and may occupy
any location on screen. Text can be scrolled horizontally
and vertically using a wide range of cursor movement
commands. All commands which modify text can be undone
with the Undo command; Redo can undo Undo. By default, the
previous 200 changes can be undone - or up to 4,096 if you
choose. Commands are accessible from either the keyboard
or from a pull-down menu interface. A mouse can be used to
access commands by menu, move and resize windows, and mark
text blocks. An online, context sensitive help system
provides full information about all of the editor's
features.

BOXER also features a global search and selective replace
command with support for wildcard expressions. Keystroke
macros enable you to create up to 26 macros to play back
common keystroke sequences. A macro definition file is
read upon startup to initialize all 26 macro keys. A wide
variety of commands are provided for manipulating marked
blocks of text: cut, copy, append, paste, delete, print,
write, indent, invert, sort, detab, entab, total, average,
fill and case operations. BOXER has 26 clipboard areas in
which to store text. A collection of word processing
commands are provided to allow formatted documents to be
created without the use of a separate word processing
package. A status line displays the current time and date,
cursor column and row, line number, edit mode and keyboard
shift state at all times. A variety of configuration
options allow for customization to your needs.

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                     HOW TO USE HELP

Commands are listed in the same order in which they appear
in the pull-down menus. Each title on the horizontal menu
is dealt with in a separate section. The key sequence
which is currently bound to a command is shown in angle
brackets <> to the right of that command. The key
assignments will change dynamically if another key
definition file is loaded.

Note: Keys which are enclosed with square brackets [] must
be typed from the numeric keypad at the right of the
keyboard, with Numlock OFF.

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                   STARTING THE EDITOR

BOXER is run from the command line by typing 'B' followed
by the name(s) of the file(s) to be edited. You can enter
wildcard specifications, such as '*.h', to edit an entire
class of files. You may enter the name of an existing file
or create a new file by specifying a unique name.

If you prefer to select from a menu of files upon startup,
use the -0 option to specify that the File Menu is to be
presented on startup. If you find that you always want the
File Menu to appear on startup, add the -0 option to the
BOXER environment string as described in Section 19.

Each time an editor session is terminated, BOXER stores
the filenames and cursor locations of the files being
edited to a disk file named BOXER.LST. If BOXER is later
run without naming the files to be edited, this file is
consulted and the files which were most recently edited
are opened automatically. The current file will be the
file which was last edited, the current line and column in
each file will be restored to the location during the
prior edit session. Search and replace strings from the
prior edit session are also restored.

This feature serves to smooth the edit-compile-test cycle
by returning you to your exact editing environment in a
painless fashion.

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                    1. PULL-DOWN MENUS

BOXER provides a pull-down menu system as an alternative
method of accessing its commands. The menu system provides
new users with the capability to issue any of BOXER's
commands without knowing the key sequence associated with
that command. Experienced users will use the menu system
to invoke infrequently used commands, as well as those few
commands which are available only through the menu system.

Once the pull-down menu has been activated, use a "Hot"
letter to select a title, or the Left and Right arrow keys
and Enter. From within a menu, use the Up and Down arrow
keys, the Home and End keys, or the first letter of an
entry to move the cursor bar to the desired menu item. The
message line displays further information about the
current item; F1 accesses online help for the current
item. Use the Enter key to execute the desired command.
Each menu records the item last selected so that a future
visit to that menu begins with that item as the default.
Use the Start and End of Line commands, or the Page Left
and Right commands to move quickly to the extreme
left/right menus.

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                   CUA-Compliant Menus

BOXER's pull-down menus can also be configured to operate
in a CUA-Compliant style of operation. With this scheme,
Alt-letter keys are assigned mnemonically to the picks on
the Main Menu Bar. Within the pull-down menu, items can be
selected quickly with a single key press. The "hot"
letters are displayed in an alternate color to highlight
their function.

BOXER's default keyboard layout does not use Alt-letter
keys to access the pull-down menus. Rather, the F10 key
is used to activate the menus, and a hot letter press will
drop the corresponding menu. If you prefer to use CUA-
Compliant menus, you can select the supplied BOXERCUA.KEY
file as your default layout. Simply issue the following
DOS command: COPY BOXERCUA.KEY DEFAULT.KEY

Alternately, you can use the RECONFIG utility to change
your own keyboard file to use CUA-Compliant menus, or to
modify the BOXERCUA.KEY file supplied. See RECONFIG.DOC
for details on the use of this utility.

!44

                   Changing Hot Letters

BOXER also allows you to select which letters will be
displayed as hot letters within the menus. The hot letters
are changed from within BOXER, and the process is very
easy. To begin, simply press the '!' key while the menus
are active. The cursor bar will change in size to indicate
that hot letters are being changed. Use the Left and Right
arrows to change the hot letter within the current menu
item. The display is updated immediately. Use the Up and
Down arrow keys to select other menu items to change.

When a pull-down menu is complete, press '!' again to save
the changes to disk. A check is made to ensure that the
letters selected are unique. You can then move to other
menus to change their hot letters. If you prefer that a
menu item NOT have a hot letter, simply position the hot
letter to the right of the menu text so that no letters
appear in the highlighted color.

The hot letters in the Main Menu Bar are changed in the
same way. Note that you will need to use RECONFIG to
configure the proper key sequences to match the Main Menu
Bar display; changing the hot letter displayed will not
affect a keyboard reassignment.

Lastly, the Set Colors command allows you to select what
colors are used for hot letters in both the Main Menu Bar
and in the pull-down menus.

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                      2. HELP SYSTEM

BOXER provides a sophisticated online help system to
assist you in using the full power of the editor. The help
system can be accessed at any point in the program by
pressing the F1 key. A scrollable pop-up window appears
displaying information related to the operation you were
about to perform.

Alternatively, the help system can be accessed using the
help index provided in the pull-down menu system. A menu
is provided which will allow you to display a Help window
for a variety of pre-indexed topics.

The final method of accessing help is perhaps the most
powerful. As you are navigating within the pull-down
menus, the F1 key remains active and will provide a help
window relating to the topic currently highlighted in the
menu. You do not need to execute the command, simply
highlight the command of interest in the menu and press
F1. The help system will jump immediately to the section
pertaining to the highlighted command and display the
pop-up window.

The Help System can also be searched for a word or phrase
of your choosing. You may find this feature convenient to
locate all references to a particular topic, for example.
Simply issue the Forward Search command (Alt-F, by
default) and supply a text string to be found. A search
will be performed from the current section onward for the
supplied text. The search is conducted without regard to
the upper and lower case letters, and wildcard characters
are not significant. To search again for the same text,
use the Find Next command (Shift Down Arrow, by default).

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                     3. USING A MOUSE

BOXER supports the use of a Microsoft compatible mouse to
perform a variety of window manipulations, text cursor
positioning and text marking. The use of a mouse is
optional - nearly all mouse actions can be performed with
an equivalent keyboard command. In all cases the Left
mouse button is used to select or activate an option,
while the Right button is used to abort an option. The
mouse cursor appears as a reverse video (or colored) text
block. The mouse cursor disappears when the keyboard is
being used, but reappears as soon as the mouse is moved.

The window frame style in BOXER is sensitive to whether or
not the system has a mouse installed. If it does, various
icons will appear in the corners of the window frame. The
lower right corner is used to resize the window. The upper
right corner is used to zoom a window to full screen, or
to return a zoomed window to its smaller size. The upper
left corner is used to close the window. Any point along
the left, upper, or lower window frames may be used to
drag a window to a new position. The left and right arrow
icons on the lower frame are used to scroll horizontally.
Likewise, the up and down arrow icons on the right frame
are used to scroll vertically.

Alternatively, the 'elevator' icon can be dragged up or
down to move quickly within large files. A single click in
the elevator area jumps the file up or down by a single
page. More simply, the text cursor may be repositioned
within a window by clicking on the point desired. When
multiple windows are in use, a mouse click within an
inactive window will make that window active.

!56

Block Text marking can be accomplished by holding down the
Left mouse button for about 1/2 second, and then dragging
the mouse to affect the range of marked text. Column Text
marking is similarly accomplished, except that the Ctrl
key on the keyboard must be depressed at the time marking
is initiated. It may be released once marking has begun.
Alternatively, if you have a 3-button mouse, the center
button will initiate Column Text marking. The Right mouse
button may be used to cancel marking. Once marked, text
may be manipulated using any of the marked text commands.

The pull-down menu system is also accessible via a mouse.
By clicking the Left mouse button on the desired title,
the menu system is activated. Mouse motion may be used to
select the desired menu, and the Left mouse button will
activate that selection.

Note: The mouse cursor character, mouse speed, and sense
of the mouse buttons can be adjusted with various Option
Flags. See Section 19 for details.

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                   4. FILES AND WINDOWS

In order to fully utilize the power of BOXER, it is
necessary to understand the distinction between files and
windows, as implemented by the editor. BOXER enables you
to edit multiple files simultaneously. The editor
maintains a list of all files which are being edited. This
list is the FILE LIST. The 'current window' is the window
with the cursor in it; the 'current file' is the file
within the current window.

In the simplest case, a single full screen window exists
and a single file is being edited within that window.
Other files may be added to the file list with the Edit
New File command. In this case, a single window is used to
view several files; other files in the file list are
brought into the window via the Next File or Previous File
commands. These commands cycle through all files in the
file list in the order they were opened. This
configuration (multiple files, single full screen window)
is sufficient for many editing jobs.

Additional windows may be created with the Open Window
command. Windows are treated analogously to files - they
are maintained in a WINDOW LIST. The Previous Window and
Next Window commands are used to move through the window
list. The Next File command is used as before to cycle
through the file list within the current window. Windows
may be resized and relocated with the Resize Windows
command or by mouse to provide maximum visibility. The
Zoom Window command provides a means to quickly (and
temporarily) zoom the current window to full size.

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                  5. MESSAGE LINE EDITOR

The Message Line Editor is activated whenever input is
expected in the message area located at the bottom of the
screen. The Message Line Editor provides for
non-destructive cursor movement within the text being
entered and horizontal scrolling if the text exceeds the
width of the message area. In addition, most of the
horizontal cursor movement commands are available, namely
Word Left/Right, Start/End of Line, Page Left/Right, and
Edge Toggle. The Delete and Backspace commands are also
operative. The Toggle Edit Mode command can be used to
toggle between Insert and Typeover modes. The Escape
command is used to clear the editing string. If the edit
string is already empty, the Escape command serves to
cancel entry of the string.

Whenever possible, the editor attempts to guess what entry
you will be making next on the message line. When
prompting for a file path, for example, the editor
displays the previous file path entry on the chance that
it may be easier for you to edit the previous entry than
to type a new file path. If the default string is to be
accepted as is, simply press Return. If a new string is to
be entered, disregard the default string - it will
disappear after an insertable key is struck. If a cursor
motion key is struck first, the editor presumes you wish
to work with the default string and it will remain on the
line for editing. To add to an entry, press the right
arrow key before typing the characters to be added.

!71

The Message Line Editor provides a sophisticated feature
called "Filename Completion". As you are typing an entry
you may hit the Tab key at any point to complete the file-
path. Additional Tab presses will cycle through all files
which match the partial name supplied. This feature can
greatly speed the process of supplying file paths.

To further speed the process of supplying input on the
message line, the editor retains the last 30 entries made
in a history list. Prior entries can be recalled by
pressing the Up and Down arrow keys. Use the Up arrow to
review your prior entries until the desired entry is found
and then press Return. The Home and End keys jump to the
top and bottom of the history list respectively.

The Message Line Editor provides another sophisticated
feature to facilitate input. It is possible to paste text
from the editor's clipboard into the text being edited on
the message line. First, text is placed in the clipboard
in the usual way (see Block Text Commands, section 12). As
you are entering text in the Message Line Editor, use the
Paste command to insert the first line from the current
clipboard into the string being edited. This makes it
easy, for example, to search for the next occurrence of a
phrase on screen: mark and copy the phrase to the
Clipboard, and Paste it in response to the Search command.

Whenever text is being entered with the Message Line
Editor, the ASCII Chart (section 13.10) or the Insert
ASCII Value (section 9.22) commands can be used to select
a character for insertion in the string being entered.
This feature makes it easy to include ASCII values which
are not easily entered from the keyboard. This technique
will prove especially useful for creating Search and
Replace strings which must contain such values.

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                       6. FILE MENU

Whenever the entry of a filename is required, BOXER offers
the ability to pick the filename from a menu of files
within the current directory. The File Menu is activated
automatically for all commands which require that a
filename be specified. A menu will be displayed which
shows all of the files in the current directory with their
size, dates, etc. to the right. The cursor keys can be
used to move within this list, and the Enter key will
select a file. If you prefer to type a filename yourself,
the menu will disappear as soon as you strike a key. A
number of other options are provided from the file menu:

!76

Multiple files can be selected by first marking them with
the SPACE key and then using the ENTER key to select the
marked files. The SPACE key is also used to unmark a
marked entry.

!77

The DELETE key can be used to delete from disk either the
current entry or the currently marked files. A
confirmation is required before the deletions are
performed. The ESCAPE key can be used to abort the delete
operation in mid-cycle if a mistake is made in selection.

!78

The TAB key can be used to specify a filter to be used in
displaying the menu, or to select an alternate drive. If a
filter of '*.DOC' is specified, only files with a '.DOC'
extension will appear in the menu. You can also specify
"D:", for example, to display a file list for a directory
on another drive. The filter can be reset to '*.*' quickly
by using the BACKSPACE key.

!79

The '/' key serves to toggle between various sort modes.
When initially displayed, the files are sorted
alphabetically by name. By pressing the '/' key, the files
will be sorted alternately by extension, size, date, or
left unsorted.

!80

The '+' key will toggle between two search modes. The
default mode searches the current directory for the
pattern specified. When the mode is toggled, the search is
performed across the ENTIRE disk drive. Thus, a 'lost'
file can be located for editing by toggling the search
mode to 'search-the-disk' and using 'Tab' to specify the
filename. Likewise, a class of files can be located for
selective editing or deletion. This feature can be a very
powerful tool when used effectively.

!81

The ',' key can be used to return immediately to the
current DOS directory. As you travel across drives and
directories with the File Menu, the current DOS directory
is remembered. You can quickly return the File Menu to
this directory with this feature.

!82

To help speed file and search string entry, the pop-up
menu will disappear if you type characters which indicate
you prefer to type an entry rather than select it from the
menu. At this point you will be returned to the message
line editor. If you prefer to have the string you are
typing completed for you, simply press F10 to jump to the
nearest match for your string within the menu.

!85

                    FILE MENU COMMANDS

Use any of the following commands to help select a file
from the menu - or simply type the name of the file you
wish to edit on the message line. By holding down the
Shift key, you can jump among entries by pressing the
first letter of each.

 Space  Mark/unmark current file   Left   ascend dir
 Enter  Select current or marked   Right  descend dir
 Del    Delete current or marked   Up     previous item
 Tab    Specify filter (eg *.DOC)  Down   next item
         or a drive designation    Home   top of page
         to change to (eg D:)      End    bottom of page
 Bsp    Reset filter to '*.*'      ^Home  top of menu
  /     Toggle Sort mode           ^End   bottom of menu
  -     Toggle Sort direction      PgUp   previous page
  +     Toggle Global Search       PgDn   next page
  ,     Return to current dir      Esc    to message line

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                    7. ELEVATOR SYMBOL

On the right edge of the window frame a marker is
displayed which illustrates the current cursor position
relative to the size of the entire file. The elevator
symbol moves up and down as you move within a document.
The elevator symbol provides a quick method to gauge your
location within a file. If the marker appears midway along
the window frame, the cursor is currently on a line which
is approximately in the middle of the file. The marker
will appear to move quickly when scrolling through small
files, and slowly when scrolling in large files. The file
position can be changed quickly by clicking with the Left
mouse button in this area, or by dragging the elevator
symbol with the mouse.

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                     8. FILE COMMANDS

BOXER provides a variety of commands which operate at the
file level. Among these are commands to edit, print,
import, paginate, write, and compile files. Commands are
also available to move between the files being edited. The
File commands are described in more detail in the sections
that follow.

!101,321

8.1 Edit New File                                  <Alt E>

The Edit New File command enables additional files to be
added to the file list. The name of the file to be edited
is typed on the message line or selected from the pop-up
File Menu. Wildcard expressions can be used; for example:
specify *.h to edit all files with '.h' extension in the
current directory. Alternatively, you may specify several
filenames; for example: 'SALES.TXT OFFERS.DOC REPORT.TXT'.
BOXER will also recognize relative path names, so you can
specify names such as '..\SALES\MAY\REPORT.TXT'. The
file(s) named are added to the file list and the first
named file becomes the current file in the current window.

NOTES:

If the file being loaded contains lines which exceed
BOXER's maximum line length of 1,024 characters these
lines will be split at that point. The over length portion
will appear on the next line. Truncation is NOT performed,
so data is never lost.

Files containing the DOS end of file character (ASCII 26)
can be edited by BOXER without difficulty. If you do use
this character within a file, note that some other
programs may not be able to process the file properly.
This character is used to mark the end of a file, and many
programs will stop reading a file once it is encountered.

Files which contain NULL (ASCII 0) characters can be
edited, but the NULLs are discarded as the file is read.
NULL characters appear most often in executable program
files, and these files should not be edited with ANY ASCII
text editor.

!105,434

8.2 Reload File                                     <menu>

The Reload File command will reload the current file from
disk. You will first be prompted to ensure that this is
your intention. This provides a simple way to restart an
edit session with the version of the file on disk. Also,
this command is used by the Spell Check macro to reload
from disk after spelling corrections are made.

!110,415

8.3 Locate File(s)                                  <menu>

The Locate File command enables the entire disk to be
searched for a file or file pattern. The matching file(s)
are displayed in a menu from which one or more may be
selected. This command makes it easy to edit a file whose
precise location is not known. As many as 125 matching
files will be presented in the menu.

!115,308

8.4 Import File                                    <Alt I>

The Import File command enables you to import (merge) a
file into the current file. The name of the file to be
imported is typed on the message line or selected from the
File Menu. The file is inserted at the start of the
current line. Note: the Import File command is not
undoable with the UNDO command, since the import of a
large file would overwrite all other undo information. The
Block Delete command could be used instead to quickly undo
the effect of the Import File command.

!120,325

8.5 New Filename                                   <Alt N>

The New Filename command assigns the current file a new
name within the editor (it does not do a DOS rename). All
future requests to write the file will be written to the
newly specified name. The new output name will appear in
the lower center of the window frame.

!125,361

8.6 Print File                                     <Alt P>

The Print File command provides for the printing of a file
to an attached printer. You will first be asked if you
wish to use printing parameters. The use of printing
parameters gives you control over the format of the output
page, allows for page numbering, margins, headers,
footers, etc. (section 15.1). The Print File command can
be aborted during printing by using the Escape command.

Because some printers are unable to process Tab
characters, and because BOXER supports 'tab stop' style
tabs, Tab characters within the text being printed are
expanded to Spaces before being sent to the printer. This
ensures that the file will appear on output exactly as it
appears within the editor.

!130,303

8.7 Quit                                           <Alt Q>

The Quit command is used to exit the editor. If there are
any files which have been modified but not written you
will be presented with the following prompt: 'Quit with #
modified files: Yes No Write' The 'Yes' option allows you
to quit without saving the modified file(s). The 'No'
option allows you to return to the editor. The 'Write'
option writes all of the modified files and then exits the
editor. If you have made changes to the color settings,
macros, or print parameters which you would like to save
you should write them before exiting the editor.

In order to allow for the creation of macros which include
the Quit command, BOXER will record a macro right up until
exit from the editor is requested. Thus, if a macro is
being recorded upon exit, you will be offered a chance to
save that macro before the request to exit is completed.

!135,402

8.8 Write File                                     <Alt W>

The Write File command writes (saves) the current file to
disk. If no changes have been made since the session
began, or since the file was last written, the file will
not be written.

Before the file is written for the first time, and unless
file backups are disabled, the old copy on disk is moved
to the editor's backup directory - usually \BOXER\BACKUP.
When editing on a drive other than the editor's 'home'
drive, a file with a .BKP extension will be placed in the
current directory. Subsequent Write File commands will not
alter the original backup file. The editor will not allow
you to write a file whose name ends with .BKP. To write a
file with a .BKP extension you will need to change the
output name with the New Filename command (section 8.5).
Note that this command does not end the editing session,
it merely writes the current file to disk.

!140,408

8.9 Write All                                       <menu>

The Write All command automatically writes to disk all
files which have been modified since they were last saved.
The names of the files are displayed on the message line
as they are written to disk. This command does not end the
editing session.

!141,454

8.10 Write & Quit                                   <menu>

The Write & Quit command writes all modified files to disk
and exits the editor. No additional prompts or questions
are presented. This command provides the quickest means to
save all your work and exit the editor.

!145,309

8.11 Paginate File                              <Shift F7>

The Paginate File command provides the ability to paginate
a file with output to a disk file, rather than to a
printer. A disk file will be created which contains the
file as it would appear after printing parameters are used
to insert margins, page breaks, header and footer strings,
etc. The file can then be printed at a later time. This
feature is especially useful for formatting documentation
which is to be distributed on diskette, ready for printing
by the target audience. It also provides an opportunity to
search for orphan lines which may have occurred during
pagination.

!150,359

8.12 Previous File                            <Shift Home>

The Previous File command moves to the previous file in
the file list. The file is moved into the current window.
The cursor is returned to the position in the file when it
was last visited.

!155,322

8.13 Next File                                 <Shift End>

The Next File command makes the next file in the file list
the current file. The file is moved into the current
window. The cursor is returned to the position in the file
when it was last visited.

!160,304

8.14 File List                                  <Shift F1>

The File List command displays a list of the files
currently being edited. A pop-up menu appears in the upper
right corner of the screen displaying the file list. The
current file will be highlighted with the menu cursor bar.
Exclamation marks (!) are used to denote files which have
been modified but not written. It is possible to close,
edit, print, and write files directly from the file list
menu using the current key assignments for these commands.
The active commands are displayed on the message line. The
Escape command is used to exit the display.

!165,290

8.15 Close File                                    <Alt X>

The Close File command removes the current file from the
file list. If changes have been made to the file since it
was last written a warning will appear on the message
line. You may cancel the request or choose to write the
file before it is closed. The next file in the file list
becomes the current file and is moved into the current
window.

If an attempt is made to close the last file being edited,
an option is provided to close this file and load another
in its place. This can be useful when a large file is
being edited, and a second large file needs to be loaded
in its place. If this option is accepted, but then a file
is not named to replace the closed file, the editing
session will end.

!170,297

8.16 Compile File                              <Alt Enter>

The Compile File command invokes a compiler or assembler
(henceforth called compiler) to operate upon the file
currently being edited. The editor swaps itself and all
currently edited files to EMS memory or disk to provide
the compiler with the maximum amount of memory possible.
The compiler is then invoked with the name of the current
file as an argument. The output of the compiler is
interpreted to determine if any errors occurred and, if
so, the cursor is placed on the line containing the error
and the error message is displayed on the message line.
When the Compile command is issued again, an option to
move to the previous or next error is provided, as is an
option to compile again.

The name of the compiler to be invoked is selected based
on the file extension of the file to be compiled. The file
DEFAULT.CFG contains a list of several popular compilers.
See the instructions in that file to select an active
compiler for each language you use. If the compiler you
use is not listed, the following sections will describe
how to create a configuration string for your compiler.

!171

The compiler configuration string has 6 fields separated
by commas. They are:

   1. compiler name
   2. compiler flags
   3. keyword denoting an error line  (usu. 'error')
   4. keyword denoting a warning line (usu. 'warning')
   5. the field number of the error line number
   6. the field number of the error message

Examine an error message from your compiler to determine
the field position within the error message of the line
number and error message text. Fields are considered to be
separated by Tabs, Spaces, a '(' or a ')'.

Example Output:
Error TEST.C 15: Undefined symbol 'i' in function main
Warning TEST.C 16: Code has no effect in function main
Error TEST.C 16: Statement missing ; in function main

Example Analysis:
The error line number appears in field 3, the error
message begins in field 4. 'Error' is the keyword in an
error message. 'Warning' is the keyword in a warning
message. The configuration string might be:

    bcc,-ml -K -I\tc\include,Error,Warning,3,4

The output of the compiler is stored in two files in
BOXER's home directory: BOXER.CC1 (stdout) and BOXER.CC2
(stderr). If you have difficulty configuring for your
compiler, you can study the output in these files to help
devise the proper entries to use for configuration.

NOTE: if the field number of the error message is given as
-1, the error message will be fetched from the very next
line of compiler output.

NOTE: a "%s" sequence can be placed among the compiler
flags to dictate the required position of the filename
among those flags. By default, the filename will be placed
after the flags. If needed, a "%s" can be placed at the
start of the compiler flags field to dictate that the
filename should precede the flags. Clipper is one compiler
which requires this placement.

|200

                     9. EDIT COMMANDS

BOXER provides commands for character, word, and line
deletion, line truncation, character increment and
decrement, and automatic line copy. Any changes made to
the text within a file can be undone by using the Undo
command (section 9.14). The Edit Commands are described in
the following sections.

!201

9.1 Character Delete                              <Delete>

The Character Delete command deletes the character at the
cursor. If the character deleted is a Newline character,
the line below the current line will be appended to the
current line.

!202

9.2 Backspace                                  <Backspace>

The Backspace command deletes the character to the left of
the cursor. If the cursor is in the first column of a
line, the Newline character on the previous line will be
deleted and the current line appended to the previous
line. If the cursor is past the end of a line, the
Backspace command acts as the Cursor Left command.

!203

9.3 Enter                                          <Enter>

The Enter command inserts a Newline character at the
current cursor position and moves the cursor to the line
below the current line. If the cursor is mid-line in a
line of existing text, the text to the right of the cursor
is moved to a new line below. If auto indent is selected
(section 16.3), the cursor will be positioned on the new
line at the same level of indent as the current line.

While in Typeover mode this command is ordinarily
non-destructive; the cursor will simply be moved to the
start of the next line. When at end of file, however, new
lines will be created. Newline characters can be made
visible by using the Visible Spaces command (section
16.1).

!204,313

9.4 Insert Line                               <Ctrl Enter>

The Insert Line command creates a new line below the
current line and moves the cursor to the beginning of that
line. If auto indent is selected (section 16.3), the
cursor will be positioned on the new line at the same
level of indent as the current line. The effect of this
command is equivalent to moving the cursor to the end of
the current line and executing the Enter command while in
Insert mode.

!205

9.5 Tab                                              <Tab>

The Tab command inserts a Tab character (ASCII 9) at the
current cursor position and moves the cursor to the next
tab stop. Tab width values can be set or changed with the
Set Tab Width(s) command (section 16.18). Note that BOXER
inserts real Tab characters, not Space characters, into
the text file. This behavior can be altered by using the
Tab/Space Usage command (section 16.6).

In Typeover mode, this command is non-destructive. The
cursor will simply move to the next Tab Stop. Tab
characters can be made visible by use of the Visible
Spaces command (section 16.1).

!206,292

9.6 Delete Line                                    <Alt D>

The Delete Line command deletes the current line. The
column position of the cursor within the line being
deleted is irrelevant. The cursor is moved to the next
line in the file. If the last line of a file is deleted,
the cursor will move to the previous line.

!207,293

9.7 Delete Next Word                        <Shift Delete>

The Delete Next Word command deletes the word to the right
of the cursor. A word is considered to be delimited by
Space or Tab characters. The Delete Next Word command does
not operate across lines.

!208,404

9.8 Delete Previous Word                  <Ctrl Backspace>

The Delete Previous Word command deletes the word to the
left of the cursor. A word is considered to be delimited
by Space or Tab characters. The Delete Previous Word
command does not operate across lines.

!209,294

9.9 Kill to Start of Line                          <Alt K>

The Kill to Start of Line command deletes text from the
cursor to the start of the current line. If the cursor is
at the start of line, no deletion occurs. If the cursor is
at the end of a line, all text on the line will be
deleted, but the Newline character will remain.

!210,280

9.10 Clone Line                                    <Alt O>

The Clone Line command copies the current line to a new
line immediately below the current line. The cursor is
moved to the new line and its column is maintained. This
command provides for quick line replication without the
need to disturb the contents of the clipboard - a line
copy could also be performed using the block copy and
paste operations.

!211,324

9.11 Open Line                                      <menu>

The Open Line command opens a new line at the current
line. The position of the cursor is unchanged. The effect
of this command is similar to the Insert Line command,
except that the new line is created at the current line
rather than below the current line.

!212,317

9.12 Line Swap                                     <Alt S>

The Line Swap command provides a quick method to swap the
text on the current line with that on the line below. It
is illegal to request a line swap when positioned on the
last line of a file.

!213,291

9.13 Truncate to End of Line                       <Alt T>

The Truncate to End of Line command deletes all text from
the cursor to the end of line. The Newline character is
preserved, so the following line is not appended to the
current line.

!214,393

9.14 Undo                                          <Alt U>

The Undo command cancels the effect of a previous text
modification. If a line was modified, inserted, or
deleted, the Undo command restores the line to its prior
form. All commands which result in a modification to text
can be undone (except Import File). Commands which result
in a change to several lines simultaneously, such as block
text deletes or global replacements, are undone with a
single Undo request.

Undo information is maintained separately for all files
being edited. Undo is limited by default to the previous
200 text modifications. If multiple files are being
edited, a total of 200 prior modifications can be undone.
Commands which result in a modification to more than 200
lines (as might a global replacement) cannot be undone in
their entirety. After 200 modifications are made, the Undo
information for the oldest change is discarded to make
room for new changes.

The Undo command does not affect the contents of the
clipboard. Likewise, the Import File command is not
Undoable. The Undo limit is set by default to 200. Larger
or smaller limits can be set with the -u option flag. (see
Section 19)

!221,412

9.15  Undo All                                      <menu>

The Undo All command restores all changes made to the
current file during the edit session - subject to the
limitation of the size of the Undo limit. The effect of
this is the same as manually issuing the Undo command
repeatedly until all changes have been restored. This
command should only be used if you know you want ALL
changes made to a file restored.

!222,413

9.16 Undo Reset                                     <menu>

The Undo Reset command resets the Undo stack to zero
without performing any of the Undo operations therein.
This command can be useful when used as a "place marker".
For example, issue the Undo Reset command when you are
confident that prior changes will not need to be undone,
and before a new "trial" editing task is begun. If the
trial task proves to be unwanted, you can then safely use
the Undo All command to return to the "place marker".

This command also has the effect of making more memory
available for editing. If you find that you have exhausted
memory while editing, this command will release the memory
used to record Undo information making it available for
other operations.

!223,453

9.17 Redo                                  {Alt Backspace}

The Redo command can be used to undo the effect of the
last Undo command, usually after you realize that you
"undid too far". For example, assume you've used the Undo
command repeatedly to restore several lines that were
deleted in error. But then you go too far, and undo a
change that you wanted to keep. Redo will undo the undo.

Redo will operate on as many adjacent undo entries as are
available, up to the size of the Undo stack. Redo cannot
be used after other changes have been made - it must be
used immediately after the Undo command has been used.

!215,288

9.18 Increment                                     <Alt +>

The Increment command increments the character or decimal
value at the cursor by 1 or by a specified amount. If the
cursor is positioned on a character, the command serves to
increment that character by 1 ASCII value. The character
'b' becomes a 'c' and so forth. If the cursor is
positioned on a single or multi-digit value, you will be
prompted for the amount to increment the value. This
command is especially useful when used in conjunction with
the Line Copy command in a macro to perform automatic
numbering (section 17.5).

!216,286

9.19 Decrement                                     <Alt ->

The Decrement command decrements the character or decimal
value at the cursor by 1 or by a specified amount. If the
cursor is positioned on a character, the command will
serve to decrement that character by 1 ASCII value. The
character 'c' becomes a 'b' and so forth. If the cursor is
positioned on a single or multi-digit value, you will be
prompted for the amount to decrement the value.

!217,289

9.20 Multiply                                       <menu>

The Multiply command multiplies a single or multi-digit
decimal value at the cursor by a specified amount. After
selecting the command, you will be prompted for the amount
to multiply by. The arithmetic is performed and the text
at the cursor is updated to reflect the result.

!218,287

9.21 Divide                                         <menu>

The Divide command divides a single or multi-digit decimal
value at the cursor by a specified amount. After selecting
the command, you will be prompted for the amount to divide
by. The arithmetic is performed and the text at the cursor
is updated to reflect the result. Integer arithmetic is
performed, not floating point.

!219,395

9.22 Insert ASCII Value                               <F6>

This command provides a means to insert ASCII characters
into a text file, or into the text being entered on the
message line, which are not directly available from the
keyboard. Since the Control A-Z keys are used for command
assignments, a method to enter the characters normally
associated with these keys, as well as those in the range
128-255, is needed.

A prompt appears for the value of the character to be
inserted. Other bases may be used to enter the character
value as outlined in the Calculator command (section
13.4). Values in the range 1-255 are legal. Characters can
also be selected for insertion directly from the pop-up
ASCII chart (section 13.10).

!220,384

9.23 Toggle Edit Mode                       <Shift Insert>

The Toggle Edit Mode command toggles between Insert and
Typeover modes. In Insert mode, characters typed are
inserted into the text, and characters on the right are
pushed to the right. In Typeover mode, characters typed
replace the characters under the cursor. The default is
Insert mode. When in the Message Line Editor, this command
will toggle the Line Editor's edit mode between Insert and
Typeover.

The shape of the text cursor changes from a large block
(Insert) to an underscore (Typeover) to indicate the
change in mode. Also, a small/large circle appears in the
lower right of the screen to indicate the mode.

|300

             10. SEARCH AND REPLACE COMMANDS

The Search and Replace Commands enable you to search for
and replace textual strings within the current file.
Pattern matching characters are recognized to enable
'wildcard' searches (section 10.1). Search patterns are
retained after movement from file to file, so it is easy
to repeat a search in another file.

Both the Search and Search & Replace commands offer the
opportunity to select strings from a menu of recently
entered search and replace strings. A pop-up menu will
appear offering the chance to select from a list of
previous strings. Use the Up and Down arrow keys to select
from the list, and Enter to make your selection. The
selected string will appear on the message line, and can
be edited if necessary. A second Enter key begins the
operation. The Search and Replace commands are explained
in the following sections.

!301

10.1 Pattern Matching Characters

To provide more powerful search and replace capabilities,
BOXER recognizes several pattern matching or 'wildcard'
characters. These characters are punctuation characters
which are interpreted specially during the search process.
The characters recognized are:

  ?       match any single character
  *       match zero or more characters
  ^       if at start of string, restrict search
            to start of line
  $       if at end of string, restrict search
            to end of line
  !       if at end of string, perform search
            for string as a distinct token
            (ie, a whole word)
  \       remove significance from a pattern
            matching character
  \nnn    match decimal character nnn
  [abc]   match named characters a, b, or c
  [^abc]  match all except a, b, or c
  [a-e]   match a range of characters

The 'C' language sequences: \b, \f, \n, \r, and \t are
also recognized within search patterns.

Consider the following examples:

  String:      Matches:
  a*e          ae OR ale OR arcade
  a*i*e        available
  a?t          ant OR art OR apt
  ^The         The quick brown fox
  dog$         jumped over the lazy dog
  a\?b         a?b
  a\*b         a*b
  a\\b         a\b
  p[aeiou]t    pat OR pet OR pit OR pot OR put
  p[^io]t      pat OR pet OR put, NOT pit OR pot

!302,369

10.2 Forward Search                                <Alt F>

The Forward Search command is used to specify and initiate
a forward search for a string. When the command is issued
a pop-up menu will appear showing recently entered Search
and Replace strings. The word beneath the cursor is added
to the pop-up menu making it easy to search quickly for
its next occurrence. You may select any string from the
menu, or begin typing a new string - the menu will
disappear automatically.

Pattern matching characters may be entered in the search
string (section 10.1). The Enter key terminates
specification of the search string and initiates the
search. The search begins at the cursor position and
proceeds downward toward the end of file. If text has been
marked, the search will serve to change the extent of the
marked area by advancing the cursor to the first
occurrence of the search string. If the search string is
found, the cursor will be positioned at the matching
string. Otherwise, a message will indicate that the string
was not found. Additional searches for the same pattern
are accomplished with the Find Previous and Find Next
commands (section 10.5 and 10.6).

Note: While entering the replace string, the ASCII Chart
(section 13.10) or the Insert ASCII Value (section 9.22)
commands can be summoned to select a character for
insertion in the string being entered. This makes it easy
to search for strings containing ASCII values which are
not easily entered from the keyboard.

!303,283

10.3 Backward Search                               <Alt B>

The Backward Search command is used to specify and
initiate a reverse search for a string. Except for
direction of search, this command is in all ways similar
to the Forward Search command described above.

!304,380

10.4 Replace                                       <Alt R>

The Replace command is used to specify strings and
initiate a search and replace operation. Search and
replace is performed only in the forward direction, and
proceeds from the current cursor position downward toward
the end of file. If text has been marked, the search and
replace operation will be performed only on the text
within the marked area.

When the Replace command is issued a pop-up menu will
appear showing recently entered Search and Replace
strings. The word beneath the cursor is added to the
pop-up menu making it easy to select it for replacement.
You may select any string from the menu, or begin
typing a new string - the menu will disappear
automatically.

Next you will be prompted for the replacement string.
Enter or select the replacement string in a similar
manner. Pattern matching characters have no special
significance in the replacement string (i.e.  a '*' will
be interpreted as a '*', not as a wildcard character).

!390

After specification of the search and replace strings, the
cursor will move to the first occurrence of the search
string (if found) and a prompt will appear in the message
area. You can select one of the following options:

 Yes        yes, replace this one, move to next
 No         no, disregard this one, move to next
 Remaining  replace all remaining occurrences w/o asking
 5          replace  5 occurrences without asking
 10         replace 10 occurrences without asking
 20         replace 20 occurrences without asking

If you select the 'Remaining' option the replacements will
be made without further interaction. Occurrences above the
cursor are not replaced. The number of replacements made
will be displayed upon completion. Note that the search
string specified by the Forward or Backward Search
commands is not disturbed by the Replace command.

Note: While entering the replace string, the ASCII Chart
(section 13.10) or the Insert ASCII Value (section 9.22)
commands can be summoned to select a character for
insertion in the string being entered. This makes it easy
to search for strings containing ASCII values which are
not easily entered from the keyboard.

!305,306

10.5 Find Previous                        <Shift Up Arrow>

The Find Previous command is used to repeat a search for
the current search string. The search will proceed from
the cursor upward. If the string is found, the cursor will
be positioned at the matching string and the string will
be highlighted. Otherwise, a message will indicate that
the string was not found.

!306,305

10.6 Find Next                          <Shift Down Arrow>

The Find Next command is used to repeat a search for the
current search string. The search will proceed from the
cursor downward. If the string is found, the cursor will
be positioned at the matching string and the string will
be highlighted. Otherwise, a message will indicate that
the string was not found.

!307,375

10.7 Find Open                                    <Ctrl [>

The Find Open command locates and displays the mating
character to the character at the cursor. If the cursor is
situated on a right parenthesis ')', right square bracket
']', right brace '}' or right angle bracket '>', this
command will locate the mating open character '(', '[',
'{', or '<', with consideration given to nesting levels.
If the cursor is on any other character, the first prior
occurrence of that character will be displayed. This
command can be of considerable use in locating mating
parenthesis characters in deeply nested expressions. If a
mating character cannot be found, the character will be
reported as unbalanced. NOTE: if situated on an opening
character, this command behaves as Find Close.

!308,374

10.8 Find Close                                   <Ctrl ]>

The Find Close command locates and displays the mating
character to the character at the cursor. If the cursor is
situated on a left parenthesis '(', left square bracket
'[', left brace '{' or left angle bracket '<', this
command will locate the mating close character ')', ']',
'}', or '>', with consideration given to nesting levels.
If the cursor is on any other character, the next
occurrence of that character will be displayed. This
command can be of considerable use in locating mating
parenthesis characters in deeply nested expressions. If a
mating character cannot be found, the character will be
reported as unbalanced. NOTE: if situated on a closing
character, this command behaves as Find Open.

!309,406

10.9 Search All                                     <menu>

The Search All command provides a quick method to search
across all files currently being edited for a specified
search string. The string to be found is specified as
described in the sections above. All files in the file
list are searched for occurrences of the string and
matching lines are written with filename and line number
information to a disk file. The disk file is named
'BOXER.FND' and will appear in the current directory. The
results can be viewed, if needed, by issuing the Edit New
File command. The filename 'BOXER.FND' will appear as the
default filename in anticipation of your request.

!310,414

10.10 Replace All                                   <menu>

The Replace All command provides a means to perform a
search and replace operation across all files currently
being edited. The replacements are performed
automatically, so a prompt will appear to confirm your
intent. The search string and replace string are specified
as described in the sections above. All files within the
file list are searched for occurrences of the string and
the replacements are performed automatically, without
additional confirmation. The number of replacements made
will be displayed upon completion.

!315,407

10.11 Search and Count                              <menu>

The Search and Count command counts the number of
occurrences of a specified string in the current file. The
string which is to be found is specified as described in
the sections above. The cursor is not moved to show the
location of any of the occurrences of the string - the
number of matches found is simply reported on the message
line. The entire file is searched regardless of cursor
position.

On the chance that the resulting count may next be used to
repeat an operation of some sort, the command multiplier
is "seeded" with this value.

|400

                   11. WINDOW COMMANDS

BOXER provides the capability to view several different
files simultaneously through different windows. A window
always contains one file, but the same file may appear in
several different windows. Thus it is possible to view
different sections of the same file at the same time.
Despite the power and flexibility of BOXER's windows, only
a few commands are needed to access them. The window
commands are explained in the following sections.

!401,399

11.1 Open Window                                      <F2>

The Open Window command creates an additional window for
the current file. Options are provided to either split the
current window horizontally or vertically, or to create a
new full screen window. The split options make it easy to
'tile' the screen with windows. There is virtually no
limit to the number of windows which may be opened, though
it is unlikely you will ever need more than four windows
open simultaneously.

!402,401

11.2 Resize Windows                                   <F3>

The Resize Windows command allows for the resizing and
relocation of editor windows by keyboard. Upon invoking
this command, the editor switches to a mode in which the
size and location of the current window can be changed.
The frame of the current window is redrawn in bold to
indicate the operation being performed. The upper left
corner of the frame contains a symbol to indicate that
this corner of the frame will be fixed when the window is
resized.

During resizing, the arrow keys move the current window
about the screen. If the window is full size, no movement
can occur. The Shifted arrow keys serve to resize the
window. The Shifted Up and Left arrow keys reduce the size
of the window at the lower and right edges respectively.
The Shifted Down and Right arrow keys increase the size of
the window at these same edges. The upper left corner of
the window remains fixed as the size of the window is
changed.

!403,400

11.3 Close Window                                     <F4>

The Close Window command is used to remove the current
window from the window list. This command has no effect on
the file contained within the current window. After the
current window is closed the cursor will be moved to the
next window and the screen will be adjusted to reflect the
change. A window cannot be closed if it is the only window
open.

!406,411

11.4 Zoom Window                                   <Alt Z>

The Zoom Window command temporarily expands the current
window to fill the screen. A second invocation of the
command returns the window to its previous size. Zoom
information is maintained for one window only - if you
zoom a window and then move to a new window and zoom it,
the window first zoomed cannot be returned to its prior
size via the Zoom command. The Resize Windows command
could be used instead.

!404,360

11.5 Previous Window                          <Shift PgUp>

The Previous Window command makes the previous window in
the window list the current window. The file contained in
the new window becomes the current file. The window list
is circular; if the current window is the first window in
the list, the new window will be the last window in the
list.

!405,323

11.6 Next Window                              <Shift PgDn>

The Next Window command makes the next window in the
window list the current window. The file contained in new
window becomes the current file. The window list is
circular; if the current window is the last window in the
list, the new window will be the first window in the list.

!410,436

11.7 Synchronized Scrolling                         <menu>

This command enables all windows on screen to be scrolled
synchronously with the Cursor Up and Cursor Down commands.
This command is most useful for comparing 2 or more
similar files positioned in adjacent windows. This command
can also be activated with the Scroll Lock key, though the
Scroll Lock key cannot be used within a macro.

Position the files in their windows so that each file
starts at the same position in the window. Issue this
command to "lock" the windows together, and use the Cursor
Up and Down commands to scroll the windows in harmony.
Issue this command again to toggle synchronized scrolling
OFF. This command is disabled while marking is in process,
and will produce unexpected results if used with
overlapping windows - tiled windows are recommended.

!415,452

11.8 Automatic Scrolling                            <menu>

This feature allows Boxer to scroll automatically through
a text file, up or down, at varying speeds, to make file
browsing easier. The Up and Down arrow keys are used to
set the direction of scroll, and the 0-9 keys are used to
control the speed of scrolling. 0 is the slowest, 9 is the
fastest. The '+' and '-' keys can also be used to adjust
the speed of scrolling.

|500

                 12. BLOCK TEXT COMMANDS

BOXER provides commands to cut, copy, append, paste,
delete, and print marked text blocks. In addition,
commands for writing marked blocks to disk and for
performing alphabetic sorts and case operations on marked
blocks are provided. BOXER provides 26 clipboard areas for
storage of text. All block commands operate on the current
clipboard; the Clipboard Manager is used to view and
select from the available clipboards. The following
sections describe the Block Text commands.

!516,409

12.1 Mark Column                                   <Alt C>

The Mark Column command begins the marking of a
rectangular area of text. A reverse video block is placed
at the current cursor position. As the cursor is moved
through the file the rectangle of text between the cursor
and the start mark is highlighted. Any cursor movement
command may be used to move the cursor - including the
Search and Goto commands. Additionally, the mark can be
advanced by typing characters from the keyboard - a search
is performed automatically for the key struck and the mark
is advanced to that character.

Marking can be terminated by invoking the Mark Column
command again, or by use of the Escape command. All
commands which alter text are disabled during marking,
except the Replace command.

!518,429

12.2 Mark Lines                                    <Alt L>

The Mark Lines command begins the marking of FULL lines of
text. The current line will be displayed in the marked
text attribute. As the cursor is moved through the file
the text between the cursor and the start mark is
highlighted. Any cursor movement command may be used to
move the cursor - including the Search and Goto commands.
Additionally, the mark can be advanced by typing
characters from the keyboard - a search is performed
automatically for the key struck and the mark is advanced
to that character.

Marking can be terminated by invoking the Mark Lines
command again, or by use of the Escape command. All
commands which alter text are disabled during marking,
except the Replace command.

!501,386

12.3 Mark Block                                    <Alt M>

The Mark Block command begins the marking of a text block.
A reverse video block is placed at the current cursor
position. As the cursor is moved through the file the text
between the cursor and the start mark is highlighted. Any
cursor movement command may be used to move the cursor -
including the Search and Goto commands. Additionally, the
mark can be advanced by typing characters from the
keyboard - a search is performed automatically for the key
struck and the mark is advanced to that character. Thus,
by typing a '.' the mark could be extended quickly to the
end of a sentence.

Marking can be terminated by invoking the Mark Block
command again, or by use of the Escape command. All
commands which alter text are disabled during marking,
except the Replace command.

!535

12.4  Quick Marking                          <Alt-various>

Boxer also provides a "Quick Marking" feature in which
Alt- keys (from the auxiliary keypad on extended
keyboards) will initiate marking and extend the marked
region. This feature is implemented with 6 different
commands, one for each direction: up, down, left and
right, and beginning and end of line. The Alt Arrows and
Alt-Home and Alt-End which are used by default are
available only on extended keyboards. If you prefer you
can use the RECONFIG utility to select alternate keys to
activate these commands.

!530,435

12.5 Clipboard Manager                                <F5>

The Clipboard Manager can be used to select, view or clear
any of the 26 clipboard areas. A pop-up window will appear
displaying the contents of the current clipboard. The Up
and Down arrows will scroll the window so that the entire
contents can be viewed. The Left and Right arrows can be
used to view other clipboards. The A-Z keys can also be
used to move quickly to a designated clipboard. The Delete
key will clear the contents of the currently displayed
clipboard, making more memory available to the editor for
other tasks. The Escape command is used to resume editing.
The last clipboard displayed becomes the active clipboard.

The Clipboard Manager enables you to quickly view and
select from among the 26 available clipboards. To make
best use of this command, you should note the following:
It is not necessary to explicitly exit the Clipboard
Manager before issuing another editor command. For
example, to quickly Cut or Copy a marked area to an
alternate clipboard, do the following: mark the area,
activate the Clipboard Manager, press the letter of the
desired clipboard, and then issue the Cut or Copy command.
The Clipboard Manager is automatically cancelled and the
selected command is performed on the designated clipboard.
This "non-modal" approach to handling commands applies to
other aspects of BOXER as well: to exit from most any
situation you can simply issue the next desired command.

!502,361

12.6 Print Block                                   <Alt P>

The Print Block command provides for the printing of
marked text to a serial or parallel printer. You will
first be asked if you wish to use printing parameters
(section 15.1). If the Print Block command is requested
when there is no text marked, you will be asked if the
entire file is to be printed. Because some printers are
unable to process Tab characters, and because BOXER
supports typewriter style tab stops, Tab characters within
the text being printed are expanded to Spaces before being
sent to the printer. The Print Block command can be
aborted in-process by using the Escape command.

!503,271

12.7 Write Block                                   <Alt W>

The Write Block command allows a marked area of text to be
written to a disk file. The current filename with a .BLK
extension is suggested as the name for the disk file, but
you may use any name you wish. If the named file already
exists, an option is offered to either overwrite or append
to this file. The Write Block command is bound to the same
key as the Write File command. The editor performs a Write
Block if text is marked, or a Write File if text is not
marked.

!504,367

12.8 Cut Block                                       <[-]>

The Cut Block command removes the currently marked area
from the file and places it into the current clipboard for
later use by the Paste Block command. If no text is
marked, the current line is cut to the clipboard. This
command is useful for MOVING text from one part of a file
to another. The content of the current clipboard is
cleared prior to placing the marked area or current line
in it.

The Cut Block command can also be accessed by mouse by
clicking on the Cut icon in the upper right of the window
frame. It's the '-' symbol.

!505,366

12.9 Copy Block                                      <[+]>

The Copy Block command copies the currently marked area
from the file to the current clipboard for later use by
the Paste Block command. If no text is marked, the current
line is copied to the clipboard. The original text is not
disturbed. This command is useful for COPYING text from
one part of a file to another. The content of the current
clipboard is cleared prior to copying the marked area or
current line into it.

The Copy Block command can also be accessed by mouse by
clicking on the Copy icon in the upper right of the window
frame. It's the '+' symbol.

!506,379

12.10 Paste Block                                    <Ins>

The Paste Block command copies text from the current
clipboard into the current file at the cursor position.
The clipboard is not altered by this command; subsequent
Paste Block commands would continue to insert text from
the clipboard into the file. The Paste Block command can
also be used to insert text from the FIRST line in the
current clipboard into the string being entered in the
Message Line Editor.

When pasting text which was captured using the Mark Column
command, the behavior of this command is dependent upon
the current edit mode. If Insert mode is active, the text
at the cursor is moved right to accommodate the region
being pasted. If Typeover mode is active, the text at the
cursor will be overwritten by the text from the clipboard.
The latter case can alleviate the need to perform an
additional block delete for certain editing tasks when the
text beneath the cursor is to be replaced by that in the
clipboard.

The Paste Block command can also be accessed by mouse by
clicking on the Paste icon in the upper right of the
window frame. It's the letter 'P'.

!507,270

12.11 Delete Block                                <Delete>

The Delete Block command deletes the currently marked area
from the file. The block is NOT placed in the clipboard
and so cannot be restored by the Paste Block command
(though it could be restored by UNDO). The Delete Block
command is bound to the same key as the delete character
command. The editor will perform a Delete Block if text is
marked, otherwise a Delete Character is performed.

The Delete Block command can also be accessed by mouse by
clicking on the Paste icon in the upper right of the
window frame. It's the letter 'D'.

!508,368

12.12 Destructive Append                          <Ctrl _>

This command deletes and appends the currently marked
block to the current clipboard for later use by the Paste
Block command. If no text is marked, the current line is
deleted and appended to the clipboard. The content of the
current clipboard is NOT cleared prior to appending the
block to it.

!509,376

12.13 Non-Destructive Append                      <Ctrl \>

This command appends the currently marked block to the
current clipboard for later use by the Paste Block
command. If no text is marked, the current line is
appended to the clipboard. The marked text (or current
line) is NOT disturbed. The content of the current
clipboard is NOT cleared prior to appending the block to
it.

!510,394

12.14 Block Utilities                                <[*]>

The Block Utilities command provides access to the Case,
Fill, Detab, Entab, Invert, Sort, and Total commands.
After marking the area of interest, select the Block
Utilities command. A prompt will be displayed in the
message area for selection of the desired utility.

Case:
The Change Case utility will prompt for 'Upper Lower Swap
Capitalize'. The options are described below.

  Upper      - convert marked text to all UPPER case
  Lower      - convert marked text to all lower case
  Swap       - reverse the case of marked text
  Capitalize - Capitalize the 1st letter of each word

!516

Fill:

The Fill utility provides the capability to fill the
currently marked area with a character of your choice.
After the fill character has been specified the marked
area will be filled entirely with that character. This
command is especially useful when used to fill a marked
column with a specific character.

Note that the Fill feature will not insert new characters
into the file, it will only change characters already in
place. If the marked region includes 'virtual space', as
may occur due to Tabs or short lines within the region,
the marked block will only be filled in those positions
where characters already exist.

!511

Detab:

The Detab utility provides a means to automatically
convert Tabs to Spaces with a marked range of lines. Tabs
are converted to Spaces intelligently according to their
column position within the line. All lines within the
marked ranged are detabbed, regardless of the column of
the start or end mark.

Entab:

The Entab utility can be used to convert lines with Spaces
to lines containing Tabs. The current Tab Widths are used
to intelligently convert Spaces to Tabs wherever possible.
All lines within the marked ranged are entabbed,
regardless of the column of the start or end mark.

!511

Invert:

Upon selection of the Invert operation the marked lines
will be inverted and redisplayed. The last marked line
will become first within the block, and the first marked
line will become the last.

Example:
          100                          103
          101        would become      102
          102                          101
          103                          100

!512

Sort:

The Block Sort utility will first prompt for Ascending,
Descending, or Random. Ascending provides an A-Z sort,
Descending gives Z-A, and Random provides a shuffled
ordering. Unless Random is selected, a prompt will next
appear for Alphabetic or Numeric. Select Numeric if you
wish for the marked lines to be sorted based on their
numeric values. (Numeric Sorts are performed on integer
values, and disregard digits after a decimal point).
Lastly, a prompt will appear for Sensitive or Insensitive.
An Insensitive sort will treat upper and lower case
characters as equivalent. After these prompts have been
satisfied the currently marked lines will be sorted and
redisplayed.

The sort performed is sensitive to the column position of
the starting (upper) mark. If a sort is desired on a
column other than the first column, move the cursor to
that column before you begin marking. The column location
of the end marker is not considered. The end marker is
used only to determine the last LINE affected by the sort.

!513

Total:

The Block Total utility can be used to numerically total a
column of integer values. Mark the range of lines to be
totaled with the start mark positioned in the column where
the numbers begin. Select the Total option and the total
and average of the marked lines will be displayed in the
message area. Note: Tab characters can confuse the total
utility. You may wish to detab the area to be sorted prior
to totaling if you are operating on a column other than
column 1.

!515

Blanks:

The Blanks utility removes Spaces and Tabs from the ends
of lines in the marked range. Mark the range of lines to
be operated upon and select this option. If trailing
Spaces or Tabs are found they will be deleted and the
number removed will be reported.

!520

12.15 Block Indent                            <Space, Tab>

While marking text with any of BOXER's marking modes the
Space and Tab keys can be used to indent the entire range
of marked lines with either a Space or a Tab character.
This command is useful to quickly increase the level of
indent of several lines of a file with just a few
keystrokes. The Spaces or Tabs are inserted at the current
cursor column, so sections of text can be indented without
affecting other text to the left.

!525

12.16 Block Unindent                           <Backspace>

While marking text with any of BOXER's marking modes the
Backspace key serves to reduce the level of indent of the
entire range of marked lines. The reduction in indent is
applied at the current cursor column so that sections of
text to the right of other text can be manipulated without
affecting the text to the left. As such, this command acts
as the inverse of the Block Indent command, which also
acts at the current cursor column.

|600

                13. MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS

There are some editor commands which do not logically
group in the previous sections. These commands are
presented in the following sections.

!601

13.1 Escape                                       <Escape>

The Escape command is used to escape from marking, search
and replace sessions, printing, help, message line input,
and other commands. The Escape command is never dangerous,
so if you find yourself in the middle of a command you
didn't want to execute, use the Escape command.

!602,311

13.2 Help                                             <F1>

The Help command displays context sensitive help
information in a scrollable pop-up window. Whenever
possible, the information displayed will be pertinent to
the operation which you are about to perform. If you are
being prompted for a line number to Goto, for example, the
Help command will display information which pertains to
the Go to Line # command. A particularly effective way to
use the Help command is to use the pull-down menu system
to locate a topic of interest. When issued from anywhere
within the pull-down menu system, the Help command will
display help for the command currently highlighted in the
menu.

The text in the pop-up help window can be scrolled using
the Up and Down arrow keys if its length exceeds the
height of the window. The Page Up and Page Down keys are
also active for scrolling within a help section. The Left
and Right arrow keys can be used to move to the previous
and next Help sections. The Escape command is used to exit
the Help display.

!603,285

13.3 Count                                          <menu>

The Count command displays a report of the number of
characters, words, and lines in the current file. If text
is marked, the count will be computed on the marked area
only. A statistic showing what percentage of the file is
represented by the report is also given.

!604,314

13.4 Integer Calculator                               <F7>

The Integer Calculator prompts on the command line for an
expression to be evaluated. Integers are whole numbers -
numbers without decimal points. Expressions can be
arbitrarily complex, conventional rules for operator
precedence are obeyed. Parentheses can be used to control
the order of evaluation. The result of the expression is
reported in four bases and, if appropriate, as an ASCII
character.

Entering a number without other operators provides a quick
way to perform base conversions. Numbers may be entered in
any of four bases or ASCII, and bases may be mixed within
the expression. The following prefixes are used to denote
the bases:

     x  hexadecimal   ex.  xFF3D
     d  decimal       ex.  d1234 or 1234
     o  octal         ex.  o37
     b  binary        ex.  b1101011
     a  ASCII         ex.  aG

  Operators supported are:

     +  addition
     -  subtraction
     *  multiplication
     /  integer division
     #  exponentiation
     %  modulus
     &  logical AND
     |  logical inclusive OR
     ^  logical exclusive OR
     >> bit shift right
     << bit shift left

To perform arithmetic on floating point numbers, omit the
decimal points during entry and shift the decimal
appropriately in the result.

!605,279

13.5 ASCII Value                                    <menu>

This command reports the ASCII value of the character at
the cursor, and prompts for a keyboard key to be pressed.
Once pressed, the ASCII value of that key will be reported
in four bases: hexadecimal, decimal, octal and binary.
Also displayed are the main, auxiliary, and shift status
bytes for the key pressed. This information is of
particular interest to programmers. The editor continues
to report ASCII values for all keys pressed until the
Escape key is entered.

!608,320

13.6 Keystroke Multiply                            <Alt Y>

The Keystroke Multiply command provides a method for
multiple execution of the same key. When invoked, a prompt
will appear on the message line for the multiply value.
After entering the value, the next key or command entered
will be executed repetitively. Text keys or command keys
can be multiplied. The multiplication value is terminated
after the next keystroke. This command makes it easy, for
example, to create a long string of identical characters
without having to count them. The Keystroke Multiply
command is disallowed during macro recording - however,
the playback of a macro may be multiplied.

!610,426

13.7 Ruler                                           <F11>

This command provides a floating multi-scale ruler which
can be used to measure text within a document. The ruler
can display scales for 10, 12, 15 and 17 character/inch
output in all of the following units: columns, inches,
centimeters and picas. Many of the cursor motion commands
are recognized so that different parts of the file beneath
the ruler can be easily examined.

!612,298

13.8 Drawing Mode                                    <F12>

The Drawing Mode command provides the ability to do simple
line drawing within a file. Several modes of drawing are
available: each combination of single and double ruling
characters, simple ASCII characters and other solid
blocks. An option is also provided to draw with a
character of your own choosing. Once Drawing Mode has
been entered, the path of the cursor is traced with the
selected line style. The Escape command is used to exit
drawing mode.

The Drawing Mode command can also be used to automatically
place a frame around a rectangle of text. First mark the
area to be framed with the Mark Column command (section
12.1). Select the Draw Command and select the desired
frame style. The marked area will automatically be framed
in the selected style.

When printing files which contain 8-bit ASCII frame
characters, remember that you may need to specially
configure your printer in order for these characters to
print properly. By default, many printers use an alternate
character set for ASCII characters 128-255, and must be
configured specially to print the IBM Extended Character
set. Your printer manual should have details about how to
accomplish this.

!616,381

13.9 Status Window                              <Shift F2>

The Status Window command displays a window which contains
a report of the editor's current configuration. The state
of various configuration options is displayed, current
search pattern, current file, auto indent, and other
useful information.

The Status Window also displays information about memory
usage. The "conventional memory" field indicates the
number of bytes of memory which are available for use, but
which have not yet been requested by BOXER. This value
reflects 'conventional' DOS memory, and not Extended or
Expanded memory. The "editor memory" field indicates the
amount of memory which is held by BOXER, but unused. The
"total free memory" field is the sum of these two values.
The "total bytes loaded" field is a sum of the file sizes
of all currently loaded files.

!618,278

13.10 ASCII Chart                               <Shift F3>

This command displays a pop-up window which shows ASCII
characters 0-255 and their numeric values. The SPACE key
will toggle between the hexadecimal, decimal, octal and
Control character displays. The first page of the chart
shows characters 0-127, the second page shows 128-255. The
Page Up and Page Down commands will toggle between pages.

The four arrow keys are used to position a pointer to
characters in the display. The Enter command will insert
that character at the current cursor position. This
provides a simple method for entering accented characters,
for example.

The display page and base are stored so that subsequent
requests for the ASCII chart will return to the same page
and base. The Escape command is used to exit the display.

!620,316

13.11 Keyboard Reconfigure                      <Shift F6>

The Keyboard Reconfigure command allows you to load a key
definition file which defines the mapping between editor
commands and key sequences. BOXER has been supplied with
ready-made key definition files for several popular
editors. BOXER also has a standalone utility called
RECONFIG.EXE which allows you to create key definition
files of your choosing. Read the file RECONFIG.DOC for
full information on this utility.

BOXER will automatically adjust the key assignments which
are displayed while navigating within the pull-down menus
to reflect the current key assignments. BOXER also adjusts
the key assignments displayed during online help to
reflect the reassignment.

NOTE: macros are stored as commands, not keys, so a change
in keyboard configuration will not affect macro playback.

!622,284

13.12 Calendar                                  <Shift F4>

The Calendar command displays a window with a calendar for
the current month and year, as read from the system clock.
The    Left and Right arrow keys move month to month; Up and
Down arrow keys move year to year. The Enter key can be
used to return quickly to the current month. The Escape
command is used to exit the calendar display.

!624,392

13.13 Typewriter                                <Shift F8>

The Typewriter command enables a mode in which input is
taken on the message line and passed to the printer each
time the Return key is pressed. The printer is selected
according to the printer port defined in the Printing
Parameters menu. This mode can be useful when a couple of
lines of text need to be printed to the printer to label
output, address an envelope, etc. The Escape command is
used to exit Typewriter mode.

!626,427

13.14 Insert Date                              <Shift F11>

This command causes the current system date to be inserted
at the current cursor position. The COUNTRY setting in
CONFIG.SYS is consulted to determine the proper format and
date separator characters to match local custom. In the
U.S., this command might yield the following:

                      Wed 05-13-1992

!628,428

13.15 Insert Time                              <Shift F12>

This command causes the current system time to be inserted
at the current cursor position. The COUNTRY setting in
CONFIG.SYS is consulted to determine the proper format and
time separator characters to match local custom. In the
U.S., this command might yield the following:

                        9:54:00 am

!636,296

13.16 DOS Command/Shell                               <F9>

The DOS Command/Shell option provides the capability to
execute a single DOS command from within the editor or to
initiate a DOS shell session. The command to be executed
is entered on the message line and a return to the editor
occurs immediately following execution of the command. If
a '%1' sequence appears in the command to be executed,
that sequence will expanded to the full path name of the
current file before being executed.

If a DOS shell is desired, accept the "DOS" string which
will appear on the message line and the editor will
initiate a shell for executing DOS commands. BOXER swaps
itself and all edited files either to EMS memory, if
available, or to a disk file, so that all but about 8K of
conventional DOS memory will be available for the shell
session. Swapping is also performed to make the maximum
amount of memory available when a single command is run.

!638

NOTE: Do not invoke any program from within BOXER which
installs itself as a memory resident utility. This
restriction applies to all Terminate and Stay Resident
(TSR) programs, including the DOS PRINT command. These
programs should be run initially from the DOS command line
to ensure they are properly installed. This restriction is
not due to any limitation of BOXER, and is in fact sound
advice for any other applications which allow access to
DOS during their execution.

NETWORKS: Use of the DOS Shell command from within BOXER
should be used especially carefully on a system attached
to a network. It is strongly recommended that you save
your files to disk before issuing this command when
editing on a networked PC.

!640

If available, and unless disabled with the -9 command
(section 19), BOXER will swap to EMS memory. If a disk
swap is needed, the environment variable BOXER_SWAPPATH
will be consulted to determine where best the program can
be swapped to for a DOS shell. If a RAM disk is available,
set this environment variable to it to speed the swapping
process which occurs before entering DOS.

For example:
                set BOXER_SWAPPATH=E:\

might be used if E: designated a RAM disk. If this
variable is not assigned a temporary swap file will be
written to the default drive.

|700

                   14. CURSOR MOVEMENT

BOXER provides a large number of commands to facilitate
cursor motion throughout a document. All cursor movement
commands act on the current file in the current window.
Cursor commands are by nature non-destructive.

!701,257

14.1 Cursor Up                                  <Up Arrow>

The Cursor Up command moves the text cursor up one line,
maintaining the column position. If the cursor is at the
top edge of a window the file will scroll down to display
the new line. If the cursor is on the first line of the
file, no movement occurs.

If two or more windows are open, the files within these
windows can be scrolled simultaneously with BOXER's
Synchronized Scrolling feature (section 11.7).

!702,258

14.2 Cursor Down                              <Down Arrow>

The Cursor Down command moves the text cursor down one
line, maintaining the column position. If the cursor is at
the bottom edge of a window the file will scroll up to
display the new line. If the cursor is on the last line of
the file, no movement occurs.

If two or more windows are open, the files within these
windows can be scrolled simultaneously with BOXER's
Synchronized Scrolling feature (section 11.7).

!703,259

14.3 Cursor Left                              <left arrow>

The Cursor Left command moves the text cursor left one
column. If the cursor is at the left edge of a window, and
the file is scrolled, the file will scroll right to
display the new column. If the cursor is at the left edge
of a window and the file is not scrolled, no movement will
occur.

The -C2 option will allow the Cursor Left command to move
from the start of line to the end of the previous line.

!704,260

14.4 Cursor Right                            <right arrow>

The Cursor Right command moves the text cursor right one
column. If the cursor is at the right edge of a window the
file will scroll right to display the new column. Notice
that the cursor does not advance to the next line when the
end of a line is crossed. This allows for easier character
insertion past the end of a line; Tabs and/or Spaces are
automatically inserted to fill to the cursor position.

The -C3 option will allow the Cursor Right command to move
from the end of line to the start of the next line.

!705,261

14.5 Page Up                                        <PgUp>

The Page Up command displays the previous page of the file
in the window. The number of lines moved depends on the
height of the current window and the paging overlap value
(section 16.5). If the first page of the file is currently
displayed, no movement occurs.

!706,262

14.6 Page Down                                      <PgDn>

The Page Down command displays the next page of the file
in the window. The number of lines moved depends on the
height of the current window and the paging overlap value
(section 16.5). If the final page of the file is currently
displayed, no movement occurs.

!707,312

14.7 Top of Screen                                  <Home>

The Top of Screen command positions the text cursor to the
top line of the current window, maintaining the column
position.

!708,300

14.8 Bottom of Screen                                <End>

The Bottom of Screen command positions the text cursor to
the bottom line of the current window, maintaining the
column position.

!709,377

14.9 Top of File                               <Ctrl Home>

The Top of File command positions the cursor to the first
character in the first line of the file. The screen will
be repainted, if necessary. When column marking, this
command will maintain the cursor column so that columnar
regions can be more easily marked.

!710,302

14.10 Bottom of File                            <Ctrl End>

The Bottom of File command positions the cursor to the
last character on the last line of the file. The screen
will be repainted, if necessary. When column marking, this
command will maintain the cursor column so that columnar
regions can be more easily marked.

!711,397

14.11 Word Left                         <Shift left arrow>

The Word Left command moves the cursor to the beginning of
the previous word. If necessary, the cursor will move to
the previous line. The definition of a word has been
selected to provide for more meaningful cursor movement
through program source code.

!712,398

14.12 Word Right                       <Shift right arrow>

The Word Right command moves the cursor to the beginning
of the next word. If necessary, the cursor will move to
the next line. The definition of a word has been selected
to provide for more meaningful cursor movement through
program source code.

!713,282

14.13 Start of Line                      <Ctrl left arrow>

The Start of Line command moves the cursor to the
beginning of the current line. If the file was scrolled
right, a full return to column 1 will occur.

!714,301

14.14 End of Line                       <Ctrl right arrow>

The End of Line command moves the cursor to the end of the
current line. If the line is longer than can be viewed in
the window, the file will scroll left as needed to display
the end of line.

!715,328

14.15 Page Left                                <Ctrl PgUp>

The Page Left command scrolls the file left by half the
width of the current window. If the file is not scrolled
right, no movement will occur.

!716,329

14.16 Page Right                               <Ctrl PgDn>

The Page Right command scrolls the file right by half the
width of the current window.

!717,281

14.17 Back Tab                                 <Shift Tab>

The Back Tab command provides for backward cursor movement
to a prior tab stop. If necessary, the file will scroll
right to reach a prior tab stop.

!718,299

14.18 Edge Toggle                              <Shift [5]>

The Edge Toggle command moves the cursor alternately
between the left edge, middle, and the right edge of the
window. The cursor moves first to the middle, then right,
then left edge.

!719,310

14.19 Goto Line or Column                          <Alt G>

This command provides for absolute movement to a specified
line number or relative movement from the current line. A
prompt for the line number will appear on the message
line. If a number without a plus or minus sign is entered,
the request is taken as absolute and the cursor is moved
directly to the requested line.

If the number is preceded by a negative sign (-), the
cursor is moved up by the requested number. If a plus sign
(+) precedes the number, the cursor is moved down by the
requested number. Any entries which would cause movement
past the start or end of file simply move to that extreme.

To position the cursor to a particular column, precede the
entry with the letter "C". Thus "C55" would move the
cursor to column 55. This feature can be especially useful
when used within a macro to move the cursor to a known
column.

A compound expression can be used to position the cursor
to a line and column position in one step.  For example,
entering "75 c10" would position to line 75, column 10.

!720,307

14.20 Drop Text Anchor                             <Alt A>

The Drop Text Anchor command records the cursor position
in the current file for later return via the Jump to Text
Anchor command. Up to 8 text anchors can be dropped for
each file being edited. If a line which contains a text
anchor is deleted, that reference point is lost. A Text
Anchor can be deleted by jumping to it and issuing this
command immediately. Text Anchors are used to mark several
positions of interest within a large file so that they can
be returned to quickly.

!721,315

14.21 Jump to Text Anchor                          <Alt J>

The Jump to Text Anchor command is used to return to a
previously dropped Text Anchor. The command will jump
between as many text anchors as have been dropped; up to 8
anchors can be used. A Text Anchor can be deleted by
issuing the Drop Text Anchor command immediately after
issuing this command. Text Anchors are used to mark
several positions of interest within a large file so that
they can be returned to quickly.

!725,430

14.22 Scroll File Up                     <Ctrl Down Arrow>

The Scroll File Up command will scroll the current file up
regardless of where the text cursor is positioned within
the window. The cursor remains on the current line until a
window edge requires it to be changed. This command is
useful to scroll a file up without losing your position in
the file. There must be more than a screen full of lines
in order for this command to operate. (Note: by default,
this command is assigned to Ctrl-Down-Arrow, a sequence
which is available only on Enhanced keyboards.)

!727,431

14.23 Scroll File Down                     <Ctrl Up Arrow>

The Scroll File Down command will scroll the current file
down regardless of where the text cursor is positioned
within the window. The cursor remains on the current line
until a window edge requires it to be changed. This
command is useful to scroll a file down without losing
your position in the file. There must be more than a
screen full of lines in order for this command to operate.
(Note: by default, this command is assigned to
Ctrl-Up-Arrow, a sequence which is available only on
Enhanced keyboards.)

!729,432

14.24 Roll File Up                            <unassigned>

The Roll File Up command will scroll the current file up
regardless of where the text cursor is positioned within
the window. The cursor position within the window is
maintained. This command is useful to scroll a file while
maintaining the cursor mid-window, for example. There
must be more than a screen full of lines in order for this
command to operate. (Note: by default, this command is
unassigned; use the RECONFIG utility to assign it to a key
sequence, if desired.)

!731,433

14.25 Roll File Down                          <unassigned>

The Roll File Down command will scroll the current file
down regardless of where the text cursor is positioned
within the window. The cursor position within the window
is maintained. This command is useful to scroll a file
while maintaining the cursor mid-window, for example.
There must be more than a screen full of lines in order
for this command to operate. (Note: by default, this
command is unassigned; use the RECONFIG utility to assign
it to a key sequence, if desired.)

|800

               15. WORD PROCESSING COMMANDS

BOXER provides some of the more useful features found in
word processors. These features have been added in an
effort to enable you to perform most word processing jobs
without having to use a word processing program, and thus
sacrifice the power of a text editor. The word processing
commands have been assigned to the Control-Function Keys
and are explained in the following sections.

!801,357

15.1 Set Printing Parameters                     <Ctrl F1>

The Set Printing Parameters command provides for the
setting of a group of parameters which control the format
of the printed page. The following parameters can be set:

 printer port              select LPT1 through LPT4
 printer init codes        ASCII codes for initialization
 printer reset codes       ASCII codes for reset
 lines per page            (66 for 11" form @ 6 LPI)
 columns per page          (80 for 8-1/2" form @ 10 CPI)
 left margin               # cols of margin on left side
 right margin              # cols of margin on right side
 margin above header       # lines above header line
 left header text          text for left header
 center header text        text for center header
 right header text         text for right header
 header underline char     character to underline header
 margin below header       # lines between header and body
 margin above footer       # lines between body and footer
 footer overline char      character to overline footer
 left footer text          text for left footer
 center footer text        text for center footer
 right footer text         text for right footer
 margin below footer       # lines below footer line
 line spacing              1=single, 2=double, 3=triple...
 start printing at pg #    page # to begin printing at
 stop printing at pg #     page # to stop printing at
 number first pg as pg #   page # on 1st page printed
 print line numbers        If YES, line #s will be placed
                           at left of each output line
 pause between pages       If YES, printing will pause at
                           page btm to allow manual feed
 send FF to eject page     If YES, a formfeed character
                           will be used after the footer
 send FF at end of job     If YES, a formfeed character
                           will be sent at end of job
 swap H/F for recto/verso  If YES, the left H/F string and
                           right H/F strings are swapped
                           for right facing pages
 skip header on page 1     If YES, the header will not
                           appear on page #1
 skip footer on page 1     If YES, the footer will not
                           appear on page #1
 printer code filename     name of file with control codes
                           for the attached printer

!802

Notes:

Users with Serial printers will need to use the DOS 'MODE'
command to configure their serial port for use as a
printing port. Refer to your DOS manual for details on how
this is accomplished.

The printer init and reset codes each consist of a series
of ASCII values in decimal format. These codes are
optional, and can be used to initialize or reset the
printer. The values are entered with either Spaces or
commas between them, eg: 27,120,49. Alternatively, the
codes can be entered as 'raw' values if placed within
double quotes. The latter method may be required if the
codes are especially lengthy; the init and reset strings
can each be 64 characters in length.

The actual right margin of a body of text on output is
determined by the text width within the file being
printed, the left margin, and the columns per page. The
right margin parameter provides a means to align headers
and footers with the right edge of the text body - not to
automatically reformat existing formatted text. No
reformatting of text occurs during printing, nor simply
because a change was made to printing margins. To change
the width of a paragraph the text width must be changed
(section 15.4) and the paragraph must be manually
reformatted (section 15.10).

Header and Footer lines each contribute a single line to
the overall top and bottom margins even if no text is to
appear on these lines.

A page break can be forced prematurely by placing a lone
form feed character (ASCII 12) in column 1 of the text
being printed. The page break will be handled
intelligently - blank lines will be sent to the printer
and the footer line will be printed.

!802

Substitution Sequences

Within the header and footer strings there are several
substitution sequences which can be used. These sequences
provide a convenient and flexible method of inserting
time, date, filename, and page number elements within the
header and footer strings. The lead character '~' is used
to 'escape' the sequences so they are not interpreted as
printable header/footer text.

       sequence:   expands to:
         ~nn       page number
         ~ff       current filename
         ~pp       current file path
         ~mm       month  (1-12)
         ~dd       date   (1-31)
         ~yy       year   (two digit)
         ~HH       hour   (0-23)
         ~MM       minute (leading zero)
         ~SS       second (leading zero)

Ex.  ~mm/~dd/~yy  might yield  04/23/92
     file: ~ff    might yield  file: manual.doc

After setting the Print Parameters you will be asked to
supply a filename for the print parameters to be written
to. The name of the current file with a '.PP' extension is
suggested for you. A '.PP' file extension will be added
automatically to the filename entered. The file
'DEFAULT.PP' is loaded automatically upon startup.

!803,356

15.2 Read Print Parameters                       <Ctrl F2>

The Read Print Parameters command allows for the retrieval
of previously written printing parameters from a disk
file. You will be asked to supply a filename to read the
print parameters from. The name of the current file with a
'.PP' extension is suggested for you. A file extension of
'.PP' will be added automatically to the filename entered.
The file 'DEFAULT.PP' is loaded automatically upon
startup.

The -L option can be used to load a named Print Parameter
file on startup. (see Section 19)

!804,391

15.3 Toggle Printer Codes                        <Ctrl F3>

The Toggle Printer Codes command toggles on and off the
recognition of a set of characters (ASCII 240-249) as
embedded printer codes. When ON, these characters will be
displayed as underlined or specially colored digits and
interpreted during printing as special codes to be
translated according to a printer definition file. When
OFF, these characters have no special significance and are
displayed as themselves. See section 18 for a full
discussion of embedded printer codes.

!805,373

15.4 Set Text Width                              <Ctrl F4>

The Set Text Width command allows you to set the number of
characters on a line for purposes of justification. The
text width value will be used by the Line Left, Line
Center, Line Right and Paragraph Reformat commands when
justifying text.

!806,388

15.5 Toggle Wordwrap                             <Ctrl F5>

The Toggle Wordwrap command toggles on or off a mode in
which text is automatically justified to the current text
width (section 15.4) as it is typed. When this mode is
active, paragraphs are reformatted automatically as they
are entered from the keyboard. When this mode is off, no
automatic reformatting will be performed. The default is
off. Reformatting is performed only when the text width is
exceeded, so a manual reformat (section 15.10) may be
required if a formatted paragraph is later edited.

The -w option can be used to enable wordwrap and specify
the text width. (see Section 19)

!807,370

15.6 Set Justify                                 <Ctrl F6>

The Set Justify command allows the mode of justification
used during paragraph reformat to be specified. When
selected, a prompt appears for one of the four
justification types:

    Ragged Left - text will be justified flush
   against the right edge, the left edge being
                                  left ragged.

     Ragged Center - text will be centered
  within the current text width, the left and
           right edges being ragged.

  Ragged Right - text will be justified flush
  against the left edge, with the right edge
  being left ragged.

  Smooth - text will  be  flush against both the
  left and right margins.   Spaces are  inserted
  alternately  in  the left,  center,  and right
  portions of a line  to minimize the appearance
  of 'rivers and valleys' in the justified text.

Once selected, the justification mode will be used in all
future manual or automatic paragraph reformatting
operations.

!808,363

15.7 Line Left                                   <Ctrl F7>

The Line Left command moves the line at the cursor flush
against the left margin. The cursor is moved to the line
below upon completion. If text is marked, all lines within
the marked range are affected.

!809,362

15.8 Line Center                                 <Ctrl F8>

The Line Center command centers the line at the cursor
within the current text width (section 15.4). The cursor
is moved to the line below upon completion. If text is
marked, all lines within the marked range are affected.

!810,364

15.9 Line Right                                  <Ctrl F9>

The Line Right command moves the line at the cursor flush
against the right margin. The cursor is moved to the line
below upon completion. If text is marked, all lines within
the marked range are affected.

!811,327

15.10 Paragraph Reformat                        <Ctrl F10>

The Paragraph Reformat command reformats the current
paragraph from the current line to the end of the
paragraph. The paragraph is reformatted according to the
current text width (section 15.4) and the current
justification mode (section 15.6). The cursor is placed on
the first line of the next paragraph upon completion.

BOXER uses the amount of indent on the last line of the
paragraph to determine the indent level for the whole
paragraph. A paragraph can be made "fully indented" by
manually indenting the first and last lines of the
paragraph and then reformatting.

The indent on the first line of the paragraph is not
applied to other lines in the paragraph. A "hanging
indent" can be achieved by placing less indent on the
first line of the paragraph than on the last. Likewise, if
the first line of a paragraph has extra indent, it too
will be preserved.

If you wish to create bulleted paragraphs which can be
safely reformatted, use one or more Tab characters to
distance the bullet text from the body of the paragraph.
If a series of Spaces is used, these will be adjusted
during reformat; Tabs are maintained.

Ordinarily, BOXER looks for a blank line to locate the end
of a paragraph. The '<' character can also be used to
denote the end of a paragraph, as indicated by the SII
News Editing standard. This technique will allow the
reformat command to operate properly on paragraphs which
do not have blank lines between them.

|900

                16. CONFIGURATION OPTIONS

BOXER provides a wide range of configuration options to
further enhance its flexibility. Some of these options are
available from within the editor by keystrokes or from the
pull-down menus. Others are accessible with Option Flags.
(see section 19)

!901,387

16.1 Visible Spaces                               <Alt F1>

The Visible Spaces command toggles on or off a mode in
which Space, Tab, and Newline characters are displayed as
visible graphics characters. These characters are often
called 'whitespace'. This mode is useful for locating
extraneous Space characters at the ends of lines, or to
see exactly what characters reside in the file. The
default is invisible Spaces.

This option can also be enabled with the -v option.
(see Section 19)

!902,383

16.2 Set Search Parameters                        <Alt F2>

The Set Search Parameters command allows for the
specification of search case sensitivity and whether
'regular expressions' (wildcards) are to be recognized
during the search. Select case insensitive if you would
like 'fred' to match 'Fred' or 'FRED'. Select NO regular
expressions if you would like '******' to match a string
of asterisks, rather than a string of anything. Case
sensitive searches are slightly faster than insensitive,
searches without regular expressions are slightly faster
than those with.

The -c option can be used to select case insensitive
searches; the -r option to disable regular expression
searches. (see Section 19)

!903,385

16.3 Toggle Indent                                <Alt F3>

The Toggle Indent command toggles on or off a mode in
which automatic line indentation is performed. Auto
indentation is useful for writing source code for
languages in which indentation is used to indicate
nesting. When toggled on, auto indent mode causes the
Enter and Insert Line commands to create a new line which
has indentation matching that of the current line. The
default is auto indent on.

The -i option can also be used to disable auto-indent.
The -st option can be used to enable "sticky" indent.
(see Section 19)

!904,382

16.4 Toggle/Set Autosave                          <Alt F4>

The Toggle/Set Autosave command toggles on or off a
feature which will automatically write to disk the file
being edited after a specified number of changes have been
made to the file. When autosave is toggled on, a message
will appear showing the current change value and prompting
for a new value. If you are satisfied with the current
value, type Enter or Escape. Otherwise, you may enter a
new value. The default is off - no automatic save.

The -a option can also be used to select this option.
(see Section 19)

!905,371

16.5 Set Paging Overlap                           <Alt F5>

The Set Paging Overlap command allows you to specify the
number of lines of overlap which will be used for the Page
Up and Page Down commands. A paging overlap value of 2
(the default) would cause the bottom 2 lines to remain
visible as the top 2 lines after a Page Down command is
issued.

The -p option can also be used to control paging overlap.
(see Section 19)

!906,378

16.6  Tab/Space Usage                             <Alt F6>

The Tab/Space Usage command toggles between modes in which
either Spaces or Tabs are inserted when the Tab key is
struck. In Spaces mode, an equivalent number of Spaces
sufficient to advance the cursor to the next Tab Stop are
inserted when the Tab key is pressed. Additionally, when
characters are automatically added to pad an under length
line to the cursor position for insert past end of line,
these characters will all be Spaces. In Tabs mode, Tab
characters (ASCII 9) are inserted when the Tab key is
pressed, and Tabs and Spaces are used to extend under
length lines when needed.

If you wish to create a file which has no Tab characters
within it, toggle to Spaces mode before creating the file.
This command does NOT affect Tabs which are already
resident within a file. The Detab command can be used to
Detab a range of marked lines (section 12.14).

The -s option can also be used to force the Tab key to
insert Spaces. (see Section 19)

!907,405

16.7 Set/Save Colors                              <Alt F7>

The Set/Save Colors command allows users with color
monitors to select the colors to be used for various
portions of the display screen. Users with monochrome
systems can make selections from a restricted menu with
black, white and bright white as the only available
colors. A menu appears showing the various text types
along with a miniaturized editor screen.

As colors are selected for each text type, the miniature
screen changes to show the effect of that change. The
Escape key is used to exit the option. The screen will be
repainted to reflect the changes and an option to save the
color pattern to disk will be provided. You can overwrite
an existing color file, or simply type a name for a new
file. The file DEFAULT.CLR is automatically loaded upon
startup.

!908,358

16.8 Load Colors                                  <Alt F8>

The Load Colors command provides the opportunity to load a
previously stored color setup from disk. BOXER is supplied
with several color setup files from which to choose;
additional setups can be saved after using the Set/Save
Colors command described above. The file DEFAULT.CLR is
automatically loaded upon startup.

!909,372

16.9 Set Tab Width(s)                             <Alt F9>

The Set Tab Width(s) command enables you to specify the
screen width of the Tab character, or to specify a varying
set of widths. Tab stops every 'n' columns are achieved by
simply entering the number 'n'. If variable tab widths are
desired, the values are listed as below:

              4,9,12,18,22,30,43,49

As these values represent tab widths, the tab stop columns
will be at 5,10,13 etc. The width of the final tab will be
used for points beyond the range given. Spaces or commas
may be used to separate the values entered. The screen
will rewrite to display the effect of the new value(s).

Unless disabled by option (section 16.6), BOXER inserts
Tab characters, not Spaces into the file. If a file is
printed from outside BOXER, Tabs will usually be
interpreted by the printer as having width 8. If you wish
to print a file with varying tab widths, you must do so
from within BOXER so that the Tabs are expanded according
to the widths specified.

The -t option can also be used to control tab widths.
(see Section 19)

!910,396

16.10 Toggle File Backups                        <Alt F10>

The Toggle File Backups command toggles between modes in
which backup copies of files written to disk are/are not
made. Ordinarily, when writing a file to disk, the
original is preserved in a BACKUP subdirectory in BOXER's
home directory (usually \BOXER). Those who edit files so
large that both the original and backup cannot reside on
the same disk will want to disable file backups. NOTE:
files in the BACKUP directory should be deleted period-
ically to recover disk space.

The -b command can also be used to disable file backups.
(see Section 19)

!911,295

16.11 Toggle RAM/BIOS Video Output               <Alt F11>

This command selects whether BOXER writes to the screen
directly through RAM or via BIOS calls. True PC
compatibles support output through video memory - which
provides for faster screen update than BIOS calls.

If your computer cannot support direct RAM video output,
use this command to select output via BIOS calls. If this
is the case, it will probably be best to invoke this
option from the command line with -o option before any RAM
video output is attempted (section 19).

!912,389

16.12 Toggle Frames/Menus                        <Alt F12>

This command allows for the toggling ON and OFF of window
frames and/or the top menu bar. Some users may wish to
forego one or both of these display elements to gain extra
screen lines for editing. If the top menu bar is disabled
the F10 key will cause the menu to reappear on request.
Toggling window frames to OFF disables the ability to use
the mouse for window closing, dragging, resizing, etc.
Likewise, if the top menu bar is turned OFF, the mouse
cannot be used to access menu commands.

The window frames can also be disabled with the -h option;
the top menu bar with the -m option. (see Section 19)

!913,326

16.13 Toggle Passive Edit                         <Ctrl @>

The Toggle Passive Edit command allows the editor to be
run in a mode in which modifications to text become
impossible. When selected, this command permits files to
be viewed passively without fear of accidental
modification. All commands which are non-destructive
remain active.

Passive editing can also be selected with the -x option.
(see Section 19)

!914,410

16.14 Video Rows                                   <Alt V>

The Video Rows command allows users with either EGA, VGA
or MCGA video adapters to exploit the capability of these
adapters to display more than 25 lines of text on the
screen. If an EGA adapter is installed, this command will
allow selection of 25, 26, 29, 35, 38, or 43 lines. If a
VGA adapter is installed, this command will allow
selection of 25, 28, 30, 33, 40, 44 or 50 lines. This
command will not operate if a Monochrome Display Adapter
(MDA) is active.

If UltraVision(tm) by Personics is active, BOXER will
sense this and allow you to switch into all modes which
are allowed for your video card. A prompt will first
appear to select the number of rows, and then the number
of columns. UltraVision offers screen sizes as large as
132 columns by 63 rows, depending on your video card.

If a utility program was supplied with your video card to
switch into alternate screen sizes, BOXER will recognize
these modes on startup and adjust its screen size
accordingly.

You can also use the -Vr and -Vc options to control the
screen size used on startup. (see Section 19)

|1000

                    17. MACRO COMMANDS

BOXER provides a keystroke macro facility which allows for
the storage of up to 26 macros and a macro which is
automatically executed upon startup. Macros are created
'by example', that is, a series of keystrokes is typed and
stored for later playback. A utility is also provided to
create an editable macro file - see BMAC.DOC for full
details.

The 26 macro assignments can be written to a disk file
which is automatically loaded upon startup. A 'startup'
macro is also available which is automatically executed
each time the editor is invoked. The startup macro can be
useful for storing configuration commands to initialize
the editor on startup. (See Sections 19 and 20 for other
methods of editor configuration).

!1001,390

17.1 Assign Macro                                     <F8>

The Assign Macro command initiates and terminates the
storage of a macro. When the command is first issued, a
prompt appears for which macro is to be recorded (A-Z).
After pressing a letter, keystrokes will be executed
normally and saved in a storage area. If a macro already
exists for the macro selected, you may either Append to or
Renew the macro. If the selected macro does not have an
activating key assigned to it, you will not be allowed to
record keystrokes into it.

If the SPACE key was entered, a startup macro will be
stored and, after macros have been written to disk
(section 17.3), executed automatically each time the
editor is run. Ordinary text may be entered, editor
commands, or any combination thereof. A wait-for-key
command can be stored in the macro by issuing the same
Control sequence (Ctrl A, eg) of the macro being stored.

The storage of a keystroke macro is terminated by issuing
the Assign Macro command again. Macros can be up to 500
keystrokes in length. Upon completion of the macro, you
will be offered a chance to name the macro. This can aid
in recalling stored macros. Macro names and key
assignments are displayed in the Macro Chart (section
17.6). See Section 17.5 for examples of how to record
macros.

NOTE: macros are stored as commands, not keys, so a change
in keyboard configuration will not affect macro playback.

!1002

17.2 Play Macro                          <Ctrl A...Ctrl Z>

The Play Macro commands cause keystrokes which have been
saved as a macro to be replayed. By default, the macros
are assigned to the Ctrl-A to Ctrl-Z sequences. Macro A
is activated with Ctrl-A, and so forth. Other activating
keys can be assigned if desired by using the RECONFIG
utility.

Note that a Play Macro command cannot be executed during
macro storage; recursive macros are not permitted. The
Play Macro commands may be used in conjunction with the
Multiply command to further reduce keystrokes (see section
17.5 for Macro Examples).

!1003,403

17.3 Write Macros                               <Shift F9>

The Write Macros command writes all macros to a disk file.
A file extension of .MAC is automatically added by the
editor to the name you select. Any filename can be used to
save the macros, but if you wish for the macros to be
automatically loaded upon startup, you should enter the
name 'DEFAULT.MAC' as a filename. The Write Macros command
is disallowed during macro storage.

!1004,365

17.4 Read Macros                               <Shift F10>

The Read Macros command is used to read a disk file
containing the 26 macro definitions. A file extension of
.MAC is automatically added by the editor to the name you
select. This command is disallowed during macro storage.

The -z option can be used to load a named macro file on
startup. (see Section 19)

!1005

17.5 Macro Examples

The following example shows how to create a macro which
will perform auto line numbering.

  1<enter><up arrow>     create initial number
  <F8>                   begin saving keystrokes
  A                      save in macro area A
  <Alt O>                clone the line
  <Alt +>                select increment cmd
  1<enter>               specify increment value
  <F8>                   stop saving keystrokes
  <Ctrl A>               replay as necessary

To further automate the process, the keystroke multiply
command could be used after the macro has been defined:

  <Alt Y>25<enter>       set multiply value to 25
  <Ctrl A>               play macro 25 times

The following example shows how to create a macro which
can be played when needed to reconfigure the editor:

  <F8>                   begin saving keystrokes
  Z                      save in macro area Z
  <Alt F3>               toggle auto-indent
  <Alt F10>              toggle file backups
  <Alt F9>8<enter>       set tab widths to 8
  <F8>                   stop saving keystrokes
  <Ctrl Z>               replay

The Ctrl Z sequence will now perform the configurations
above.

!1006,318

17.6 Macro Chart                                <Shift F5>

The Macro Chart command displays a pop-up window which
shows the status of each of the 26 macro areas. Each macro
is labeled with the name which was provided at the time it
was recorded and the number of keys within the macro. If
a macro area does not have an activating key assigned
it will be shown as "unassigned".

|1100

                18. EMBEDDED PRINTER CODES

BOXER provides the ability to access up to 100 printer
options by recognizing special 2-digit codes within a text
file. These codes range from 00-99 and are inserted by
using the Alt-0 to Alt-9 keys. (Be sure to use the digits
above the alphabetic portion of the keyboard, not the
numeric keypad.) The printer codes will appear as
specially colored or underlined digits to distinguish them
from ordinary text.

At print-time these codes are translated according to the
printer definition file named in the Printing Parameters
menu. By default the Print Parameter menu names the file
DEFAULT.COD. The printer definition file equates the
SYMBOLIC printer codes (00-99) with the ACTUAL ASCII
code(s) which your printer requires to activate a
particular printing option.

Examples:

  The word 18italics19 will be printed in italics.

  The word 4bold5 will be printed in bold.

Note that leading zeroes are only required when their
absence would create an ambiguous code sequence.

BOXER is supplied with an example printer configuration
file, and may have been supplied with a file for your
printer. If not, consult the example configuration file
and your printer manual to construct a configuration file
for your printer. Be sure to name the file with a ".COD"
file extension so that it will appear in the printer code
menu when accessed from within printing parameters. You
may then either rename this file to DEFAULT.COD or place
its name in the Printing Parameters menu in place of
DEFAULT.COD.

NOTE: The recognition and on-screen display of printer
codes can be disabled with the Toggle Printer Codes
command (section 15.3). Since BOXER "borrows" characters
in the range ASCII 240-249 for printer codes, this option
is needed to properly display files containing those
characters.

|1200

                     19. OPTION FLAGS

Most of the commands which deal with BOXER's configuration
can be controlled by using option flags. The option flags
are described below, and can be viewed on-line by typing
"B -?" from the DOS prompt. By using option flags, it
becomes possible to automate configuration of the editor
in any of 4 different ways:

   1) Option flags can be placed in the file DEFAULT.CFG,
   as described therein. This method makes it easy to
   bring your options with you if you need to work on more
   than one computer.

   2) The "BOXER" environment string can also be used to
   hold option flags. By placing a "SET" statement in
   your AUTOEXEC.BAT file you can control BOXER's
   configuration:

         set BOXER=b dc:\bestapps\boxer h t8 w72

   3) Option flags are also recognized on the command
   line, when preceded with a dash (-).

   4) Lastly, you can create various batch files with
   option flags suitable for different editing tasks. For
   example, "BWP.BAT" might configure BOXER for word
   processing tasks, while "BB.BAT" might hold options
   suitable for BASIC programming. For example:

                    B -w72 -t8 -a30 %1

If you would like to temporarily override an option which
is active in the environment string "BOXER" or in the file
DEFAULT.CFG, you can do so from the command line without
altering the original option flag. A double dash is used
to reverse the effect of the option flag. For example, --b
would re-enable file backups, if these had been disabled
elsewhere with -b. This feature applies only to option
flags which are of an 'On/Off' nature.

All options must appear in the case shown; upper and lower
case IS significant.

!1201

  -a#        turns autosave ON, sets value to #
             ex: -a20 will cause autosave to occur after
             20 changes have been made.
  -B         enables Blind-friendly mode (BSFI):
             whenever possible, the text cursor is
             positioned to the left of active text for
             easier reading by speech software. Also,
             extra beeps are given for most minor errors.
             (BSFI=Braille and Speech Friendly Interface)
  -b         turns OFF the file backup feature; a copy of
             the edited file is not placed in the BACKUP
             directory.
  -C1        cursor through Tabs, not across them
             in this mode, the cursor will pass through
             Tabs, instead of jumping across them.
  -C2        this option allows the cursor to move from
             the start of a line to the end of the prior
             line.
  -C3        this option allows the cursor to move from
             the end of a line to the start of the next
             line.
  -C4        go to top/btm of screen for first PgUp/PgDn;
             subsequent PgUp/PgDn presses function
             predictably.

!1202

  -c         selects case insensitive searches:
             this option allows "Boxer" to match "BOXER".
  -dPATH     sets editor's Home directory:
             ex: -dc:\edit\boxer specifies the directory
             where BOXER is located. This option is only
             needed if you keep the BOXER executable in a
             directory other than its own directory, or
             if a very old DOS version is used.  (Note:
             don't place this option in DEFAULT.CFG, as
             that file's location will be unknown.  The
             environment string "BOXER" should be used.)
  -E.EXT     sets file extension used for backups:
             ex: -E.bak will cause BOXER to use the file
             extension ".BAK" when backup files are
             written to the current directory. See also
             the -f option.
  -e.e1.e2   set preferred file extensions
             ex. -e.DOC.TXT.BAS selects 3 files extensions
             as "preferred". BOXER will use this list when
             opening files to try to match a filename when
             one is supplied without an extension.
  -e         turns embedded printer codes OFF:
             normally, BOXER displays ASCII values 240-249
             as specially colored digits which correspond
             to printer codes. This option disables same.

!1203

  -Fa#       sets active window frame style (#=0-8)
             ex: -Fa2 selects frame style 2 for the
             active window. See table below for values.
  -Fi#       sets inactive window frame style (#=0-8)
             ex: -Fi4 selects frame style 4 for the
             inactive windows.
                Frame Style Values:
                 0  single frame
                 1  double frame
                 2  single horizontal, double vertical
                 3  double horizontal, single vertical
                 4  1/4 density block
                 5  1/2 density block
                 6  3/4 density block
                 7  full density block
                 8  full density with 1/2 blocks

!1204

  -f         file backups go in current directory:
             selects a mode where file backups are placed
             in current directory with .BKP extension,
             rather than in \BOXER\BACKUP. See also the
             -E option.
  -g#        causes a jump to line '#' on startup
             ex: -g120 causes current line to be 120.
  -H0        disable Syntax Highlighting:
             this option disables the highlighting of
             program code within the editor.
  -h         turns OFF window frames:
             this mode provides for a full 80 columns of
             screen width for editing.
  -I         hot menu letters await Enter:
             enables a mode in which the Hot letters in
             menus jump to an item, but await the Enter
             key before execution.
  -i         turns OFF auto indent:
             the cursor will return to column 1 when Enter
             is pressed, regardless of level of indent.
  -J#        sets Justification style:
                 0  Ragged Left
                 1  Ragged Center
                 2  Ragged Right
                 3  Smooth (justified)
  -j         juggles Insert/Typeover cursors:
             Insert cursor becomes underscore, Typeover
             becomes full block.

!1205

  -kr#       sets keyboard rate (0-31) (0=fast)
             ex: -kr0 sets repeat rate to fastest.
  -kd#       sets keyboard delay (0-3) (0=short)
             ex: -kd0 sets delay to shortest.
  -ke        forces Enhanced keyboard usage:
             ordinarily, BOXER can auto-sense the type
             of keyboard in use. Use this option if the
             F11/F12 keys are not recognized, eg.
  -ks        forces Standard keyboard usage:
             use this option if you have trouble with
             your keyboard; often when a new BIOS is
             used with an old (Standard) keyboard.
             Also, for compatibility with some older
             TSRs which hook only interrupt 10.
  -kx        lets keyboard rate/delay persist on exit:
             by default, BOXER sets the keyboard upon
             startup to the fastest rate/delay allowed
             to speed scrolling. But because programs
             cannot read the keyboard settings, BOXER
             resets the keyboard rate to normal on exit,
             as this is safest. If you prefer that BOXER
             not reset these values, use -kx.
  -k0        no keyboard adjustment at all:
             forces BOXER not to make any adjustments to
             the keyboard rate/delay.
  -Lname     load Print Parameter file "NAME":
             ex: -LLASERJET.PP will automatically load the
             named Print Parameter file on startup.
  -l         BOXER.LST files go in current directory:
             this option causes BOXER's "list" file to
             be placed in the current directory, rather
             than in BOXER's home directory. This file
             holds information about the prior edit
             session. By using this option, you can ensure
             that BOXER will resume the edit session which
             last occurred in a given directory.

!1206

  -M#        set ASCII value of mouse cursor character:
             ex: -M2 would set the mouse cursor to the
             smiling face character.
  -Md#       set mouse marking delay value
             ex: -Md300 causes BOXER to wait 3/10ths of a
             second before marking begins when a mouse
             button is pressed. Use this option to fine
             tune BOXER's mouse handling.  By default,
             BOXER waits 150 milliseconds before mouse
             marking commences.
  -Ml        select left-handed mouse:
             this option reverses the actions of the left
             and right mouse buttons.  The center button,
             if present, is unaffected.
  -Mm        no Left/Right motion by mouse in menus
             this option causes the pull-down menus to
             ignore lateral mouse motion once dropped.
  -Mx#       set mouse X travel speed:
             this option controls the horizontal mouse
             speed. 8 is the normal setting; smaller
             values yield faster travel, larger values
             give slower travel.
  -My#       set mouse Y travel speed:
             this option controls the vertical mouse
             speed. 16 is the normal setting; smaller
             values yield faster travel, larger values
             give slower travel.
  -m         disable top menu bar:
             this option provides an extra screen row for
             editing by causing the top menu bar to be
             hidden until requested by its keystroke.
  -N         sets Numlock handling:
             this option causes the gray / * - and + keys
             to behave as command keys when Numlock is
             ON. Ordinarily, these keys become self-
             inserting when Numlock is ON.
  -n         force monochrome output:
             this option forces BOXER to use monochrome
             output regardless of the type of video card
             installed. Use this option on some laptops
             when BOXER improperly detects color modes.

!1207

  -o         output via BIOS calls:
             forces BOXER to route all screen information
             through BIOS calls, rather than writing to
             video RAM. This option will slow screen I/O,
             but may be needed for old, incompatible PCs.
  -P         pull-down menus drop when activated:
             this option causes the pull-down menus to
             drop when activated, rather than awaiting
             a first-letter keypress.
  -p#        set paging overlap to #
             ex: -p4 will cause 4 lines of text to be
             preserved from a next/previous screen when
             the PgUp/PgDn commands are used.
  -qNAME     load key file "NAME"
             ex: -qWORDSTAR.KEY will automatically load
             the keyboard file WORDSTAR.KEY on startup.
             Alternate .KEY files can also be loaded from
             within the editor; DEFAULT.KEY is loaded by
             default.
  -R         text Remains marked
             this option causes marked blocks to remain
             marked after Copy, Append, Print and Write
             operations are performed. Blocks can be
             unmarked by the Escape command.
  -Ro        read-only file warning OFF
             this option disables the warning which
             normally appears when a file with "read-only"
             attributes is loaded.  BOXER can view such
             files, but refuses to write them to disk.
  -r         turns regular expressions OFF
             this option disables the use of "wildcard"
             expressions within text searches. In this
             mode, the '*' will match an '*', rather than
             a string of any characters, eg.

!1208

  -S         strip trailing blanks
             this option causes BOXER to remove Spaces and
             Tabs from the ends of lines when writing a
             file to disk.
  -s         causes Tab key to insert Spaces:
             this option forces BOXER to create files
             which contain Spaces, not Tabs. This option
             does NOT cause existing Tabs to be changed.
  -st        selects "sticky" auto indent mode
             this option enables an indent style in which
             the indent level is retained even when lines
             containing no text are created.
  -T         starts in Typeover mode:
             this option causes BOXER to begin editing
             in Typeover mode; Insert mode is the
             default.
  -t#,#...   sets tab widths:
             ex: -t4,10,12 would set the first tab to
             width 4, second to 6, and the third and
             subsequent tabs to width 2. Simple tabs
             of width 8, eg, can be achieved with -t8.
  -U         selects Unix style line enders:
             this option causes files to be written with
             a LF (ASCII 10) line ender, rather than the
             CR/LF (ASCII 13/10) sequence used in DOS.
  -u#        sets # changes saved for Undo:
             ex: -u50 sets the number of changes stored
             for undo to 50; the default is 200. Smaller
             values can be used to make a little bit more
             memory available for editing.

!1210

  -Vc#       sets number of video columns:
             ex: -Vc120 selects 120 column mode. This
             option is valid only when used with the
             UltraVision screen enhancement package.
  -Vr#       sets number of video rows:
             ex: -Vr50 selects 50 row mode. The valid row
             quantities are 25, 26, 29, 35, 38, or 43 for
             EGA; 25, 28, 30, 33, 40, 44 or 50 for VGA. An
             EGA, VGA or MCGA monitor is required.
  -Vx        let video mode persist on exit
             this option allows a video mode selected from
             within BOXER to remain active after exiting
             the program. Use this option if you'd like to
             use one of BOXER's video formats in DOS.
  -v         sets visible Spaces/Tabs/Newlines:
             activates a mode in which "whitespace"
             characters are displayed in a visible form.
  -W         no compiler warnings unless errors also occur
             this option dictates that compiler warnings
             NOT be displayed unless errors have also
             occurred.

!1215

  -w#        sets wordwrap ON, text width to #:
             ex: -w72 turns wordwrap ON and sets the
             column at which wrap occurs to 72.
  -wi#       sets text width to #:
             ex: -wi72 sets the column at which wordwrap
             occurs to 72, but does not set wordwrap ON.
  -x         turns passive edit mode ON:
             this option enables a mode in which files
             can be viewed without fear of changes being
             made. All commands which alter text are
             disallowed.
  -y1        selects static clock display, no date:
             the clock will appear in the lower right
             corner, without flashing the date.
  -y2        selects static date display, no clock:
             the date will appear in the lower right
             corner, without flashing the clock.
  -Z         adds ^Z at EOF for file writes:
             this option causes a ^Z (ASCII 26) character
             to be added to files when written. This is
             the DOS end-of-file character. Some programs
             may require files which end with an EOF.

!1230

  -zNAME     load macro file "NAME":
             ex: -zTPASCAL.MAC will automatically load the
             named macro file on startup.
  -0         presents file menu on startup:
             this option can be used to start BOXER
             without naming a file to edit. Instead, a
             menu is presented from which to select.
  -1         ignores the attached mouse:
             this option cause BOXER to behave as though
             a mouse is not installed, regardless of its
             presence.
  -2         file menu pops up on request:
             this option causes the File Menu to be pre-
             sented only on request; the message line
             editor is first activated so that a file
             name can be typed.
  -3         allows menus to wrap around:
             this option causes all menus to wrap from the
             last entry to the first entry and vice versa.

!1235

  -4         saves/restores screen on entry/exit:
             this option causes BOXER to save the screen
             on entry and restore it on exit. This feature
             consumes 4000 bytes of memory for a standard
             25x80 screen, more for larger screens.
  -5         allows Esc to access pull-down menus:
             this option selects the Escape key as the key
             which is used to access the pull-down menus.
             Due to the special nature of the Escape key,
             this assignment had to be handled with an
             option, rather than with the RECONFIG
             utility.
  -6         activates Home-Home-Home style motion:
             this option activates a cursor motion style
             in which the key bound to the Start of Line
             command will cause movement to start of
             line, top of screen, and top of file for each
             successive press. An analogous behavior
             occurs for the End of Line command. NOTE:
             This option does NOT assign the Home/End keys
             to the Start/End of Line commands, it merely
             enables this style of motion. Use RECONFIG
             to reassign commands, if desired.

!1240

  -7         disables extra "Quit" confirmation:
             this option prevents the extra confirmation
             which occurs when an edit session is quit
             without saving changes made to the file(s).
  -8         forces no cursor size changes at all:
             this option causes BOXER not to make changes
             to the cursor size to reflect Insert and
             Typeover edit modes.
  -9         selects no EMS swap for DOS shell/compile:
             ordinarily, BOXER will use EMS memory to swap
             itself out of memory for the DOS shell and
             for compilations. This option will force
             swapping to be performed to disk instead.
  -$         selects no "* End of File *" marker:
             this option disables display of the end
             of file marker which appears while editing.

!1245

  -@#        sets file menu sort style (0-4):
             ex: -@1 sets the file menu to sort by file
             extension. The available sort styles are:
                          0   name
                          1   extension
                          2   size
                          3   date
                          4   unsorted
  -.         reformats 1 Space after sentence enders:
             this option causes a single Space to be
             placed after sentence enders during paragraph
             reformat.
  -?         displays usage and option flags:
             this option displays a multi-screen display
             which lists all of BOXER's command and
             environment options.
  -?p        prints the usage display to printer:
             this option prints the option display list to
             the attached printer (PRN)

!1250

Example:

The following command line would invoke BOXER to edit the
file TEST.DOC, disable auto indent, and enable visible
spaces.

                  b -i -v TEST.DOC

|1700

           20. EXTENSION-SPECIFIC CONFIGURATION

BOXER offers a convenient and flexible means to control
the option flags used based on the extension of the file
being edited. This feature allows you to configure which
options are active for a range of file types which you
frequently edit.

For example, you can configure BOXER to automatically
begin in wordwrap mode for .DOC files, and select the
desired justification style. For program code, you might
set the Tab size based on file extension. Any of BOXER's
option flags can be used in this way to configure the
editor based on the type of file being edited.

These extension-specific configurations are achieved by
placing the desired option flags in the file DEFAULT.CFG.
The opening lines of this file contain various option
lines:

   Any lines beginning with the word "options" are
   considered startup options, and are processed
   when the editor is first started. You can place
   as many such lines as needed to configure BOXER
   on startup.

   Lines of the form "options.ext" are processed
   only when a file is loaded which matches the
   named file extension. For example, the line:

                   options.doc w72 j3

   would activate wordwrap with a text width of 72
   and select smooth justification whenever .DOC
   files are edited. A single configuration line can
   be used for each file type. To designate options
   for files which do not have an extension, use a
   line beginning with "options.".

   Finally, the line beginning with "options.*" is
   processed for any files which do not have an
   option line to match their file extension. This
   line must follow the other option lines for
   specifically named file extensions.

   The line beginning with "end." signals the end of
   the option configuration section of DEFAULT.CFG.

!1710

If you anticipate editing multiple file types in a single
edit session, you will need to give extra consideration to
the option strings you select. BOXER processes the options
for each file extension whenever a file of that extension
becomes the current file. In this way BOXER ensures that
your options are active whenever you switch to a new file
type.

However, when switching from file to file, the old options
are not "turned off"; rather the new options are turned
ON. Therefore, it may be necessary to create an option
string which turns OFF other options which are undesirable
for that file type.

As an example, consider the following option strings:

   options.bat     t8
   options.doc     w72 j3

With these options selected, wordwrap will remain active
when switching from a .DOC file to a .BAT file, which is
probably undesirable. The solution is to turn OFF wordwrap
within the .BAT options. Conversely, perhaps a tab size of
4 is desired for .DOC files. The following option strings
remedy the problem:

   options.bat     t8 --w72
   options.doc     w72 j3 t4

Here the negation sequence '--' is used to disable
wordwrap. This sequence can be used to reverse the sense
of any option flag which is of an ON/OFF nature. By using
option negation, you can ensure that options from other
file types are disabled when editing multiple file types
in a single edit session.

|1800

                 21. SYNTAX HIGHLIGHTING

BOXER's Syntax Highlighting feature can help speed program
development and reduce syntax errors. BOXER will display
source code for most popular programming languages with
comments, reserved words, constants and symbols
highlighted for enhanced visibility. You'll find that this
feature can help both during program development, and in
editing existing source code.

BOXER comes pre-configured to perform Syntax Highlighting
for most popular programming languages. BOXER determines
when to apply highlighting based on the extension of the
file being edited. You can configure BOXER to highlight
other languages, or fine-tune its highlighting of the
pre-configured languages, by changing the highlighting
parameters within the file DEFAULT.CFG.

The colors used to display various elements of program
code are also user-configurable via the Set Colors command
(section 16.7). In the default color configuration, the
colors used to designate Changed and Written lines will
override Syntax Highlighting. In other words, when new
program code is typed, it will appear in the "Changed"
color, and is not Syntax Highlighted. You can alter this
behavior by setting the colors for Changed and/or Written
lines to be the same as for normal text. In this
configuration, new program code will be Syntax Highlighted
as it is typed, at the expense of displaying changed lines
in an alternate color.

The following sections detail the configuration parameters
used for Syntax Highlighting:

!1810

EXT=

This parameter details the file extensions for which the
following block of configuration information will apply.
The EXT= directive must be the first to appear in a
configuration block. The file extensions are named with
commas between them, and there is no theoretical limit to
the number which can be named. For example:

                      EXT=.C,.H,.CPP

RESERVED=

This parameter is used to detail the reserved words which
are to be highlighted. The words can appear on as many
lines as are required, each beginning with the RESERVED=
directive. Up to 512 reserved words can be named. To avoid
impacting screen update speed, the list should not be made
any larger than necessary.

The reserved words must be listed in ASCII sort order,
with the exception that sub-strings must follow words
which contain the substring. For example, END needs to
follow ENDIF. Example:

    RESERVED=ENDCASE,ENDCLASS,ENDDO,ENDIF,END,EOF,EXIT

SYMBOL=

The SYMBOL parameter is used to designate the characters
which are considered to be symbols. The characters are
simply listed in one long string, the order is not
important. There is no limit to the number of symbols
which can be designated. Example:

             SYMBOL={}[]().=+-*/:;<>|&#,~!^?

!1820

STRING='"

The STRING parameter designates the character(s) which are
used to open and close character and string constants.
Typically, these are the single and/or double quote
characters, for example:

                        STRING='"

LITERAL=

This parameter designates the character which is used to
remove significance from an open/close string character
while within a string. For example:

                        LITERAL=\

!1822
OPENCOM=

This parameter is used to designate the sequence(s) used
to open a traditional comment block. The open comment
sequences must be listed in ASCII sort order. The
sequences are listed with commas between them, for
example:

                       OPENCOM=(*,{



CLOSECOM=

This parameter is used to designate the sequence(s) used
to close a traditional comment block. The close comment
sequences must be listed in ASCII sort order. The
sequences are listed with commas between them, for
example:

                      CLOSECOM=*),}

EOLCOM=

This parameter is used to designate the sequence(s) used
to initiate an "end-of-line comment" - that is, a comment
which will persist only until the end of the current line.
The end-of-line comment sequences must be listed in ASCII
sort order with commas between them, for example:

                         EOLCOM=$$,//

!1830

SENSITIVE=

This parameter controls whether the list of reserved words
is case sensitive or not. Some languages require that
reserved words appear in exact case, others are more
flexible. A non-zero value indicates that case sensitivity
is required, for example:

                       SENSITIVE=1

COMSEARCH=10

In order to properly handle multi-line comment blocks,
BOXER must, at times, search backward in the file to
determine if a multi-line comment is in force. This
parameter designates the number of lines which should be
searched during this effort. Higher values will result in
better display accuracy, but can impact screen update
speed. Select a value based on your style of programming,
for example,

                       COMSEARCH=10

|1900

              22. PREFERRED FILE EXTENSIONS

BOXER has a time-saving feature which allows you to
designate a list of file extensions as "preferred". This
list will be used by BOXER when opening files to match a
filename whenever one is supplied without an extension.
Once configured, this feature can save time by relieving
you from having to type a file extension for any files
containing a preferred extension.

This feature is controlled with an option flag. Various
ways to use option flags are detailed in section 19. As
an example, assume you frequently edit 4 types of files:
.DOC, .TXT, .BAS and .PAS. To configure BOXER to
automatically add these extensions, use the following
option flag:

                    -e.DOC.TXT.BAS.PAS

There is no limit to the number of extensions which can be
designated. The list is processed from left to right, so
if both TEST.DOC and TEST.BAS exist, eg, TEST.DOC would be
selected. If no matches are found, the file is opened as
named, without an extension. Preferred file extensions
are consulted when filenames are specified within the
editor, and when files are named on the command line.

|2000

                  23. SIZES AND LIMITS

The following table summarizes the limits which BOXER
imposes on certain operations:


   # of open files            limited only by RAM
   # of open windows          limited only by RAM
   maximum file size          limited by conventional DOS
                               memory (typically ~300K)
   line length                1020 characters
   screen size                100 rows by 200 columns
   undo                       4096 changed lines
   macro length               500 keys
   length of search string    40 characters
   search strings in menu     32
   number of files reloaded   100
     from a prior session
   text anchors               8
   number of files loaded     100
     from command line
   number of files in the     100
     edited files list
   number of files in the     200
     directory file list
   number of files in the     125
     global locate list
   number of entries saved    30
     in message line history

|9000

                  24. USER DEFINED HELP

This section of Help is reserved for any text which the
user may wish to have quick access to. This may include
programming related information such as operator
precedence tables, or more mundane topics such as a
telephone list.

To place your Help text here, edit the file 'BOXER.DOC' in
BOXER's home directory. Go to the bottom of the file and
locate this text. Edit the file to contain the Help text
you desire. After saving the file and returning to DOS,
type 'MAKEINDX' to update the help index file. The text
which you added will then be available from the User
option of the Help menu.

NOTE: the maximum number of lines within a help section is
50. You may add new sections by entering a line which
begins with a '!' and has a section number in column 1
such as '!9001'. Be careful not to use any numbers lower
than 9000.